Buyers' Guide

OpenWrt is a Linux distribution focused on networking and enables you to deploy a vast repository of software including routing, firewall, QoS, wired/wireless, bandwidth monitoring, logging, and much more. Your hardware is the only limit. This guide is intended to help you pick the right hardware to meet your particular needs.

OpenWrt does not recommend specific hardware or manufacturer! There is no “best hardware”, since needs are so different. To think through your requirements, read Which Router Should I Buy? Once you have that list, ask for a recommendation on the forum. You don't have to spend a lot: OpenWrt is what does the magic!

Most routers from GL.iNet, Turris, and others run forks of OpenWrt, this makes upgrades to official releases available on Firmware Selector more simple.

• The bootloader should not only be under a FOSS license, but preferably under the GPL, so that the OEM is forced to release the complete source code
• Some bootloaders allow you to boot from a USB device or boot over Ethernet but many do not
• Some bootloaders make installing OpenWrt unnecessarily complicated or even impossible!

• How many NICs does the System on a chip incorporate? Common are one or two, sometimes more.
  These are implemented as soc-integrated Ethernet-MAC-blocks, which are each connected over a xMII to a distinct PHY (chip).
  Note: Do not confuse the number of Ports with the number of NICs.
• Which Ethernet-Layer-1 standard does the NIC/NICs support?
  BASE100-TX (i.e. 100MBit/s, Fast Ethernet) or
  BASE1000-T (i.e. 1000MBit/s, Gigabit Ethernet)?
• Is there an integrated Ethernet switch?
• Which Ethernet-Layer-1 standard does the integrated switch support? (BASE-100TX or BASE1000-T)
• How many RJ45 ports are there? Most common are 5 Ports (4 for LAN and 1 for WAN).
• Is the switch manageable? Which capabilities does it offer?
• Support for EEE (Energy Efficient Ethernet), Green Ethernet officially: IEEE 802.3az
• Support for PoE (Power over Ethernet). non standard “passive” 12V, 24V or standardized IEEE802.3af,IEEE802.3at
• Support for SFP (Small Form-Factor Pluggable): Table of Hardware: SFP ports, Unsupported SFP

(Please consult the Wireless Overview)

• How many WNICs? Common are one or two. These can be:
  • SoC-integrated: this is commonly called WiSoC
  • Onboard: the wifi chip is the same used in Mini PCIe cards but soldered on the main PCB
  • MiniPCI: the wifi card can be extracted, and replaced by another different MiniPCI model
  • MiniPCIe: the wifi card can be extracted, and replaced by another different MiniPCIe model
• Which substandards of the IEEE 802.11-family does the wireless hardware support? This includes 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, and 802.11be
• Capabilities: 1T1R, 2T2R, 3T3R, etc.
• Frequencies (or bands):
  • 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz? (see e.g. Electromagnetic interference at 2.4 GHz or Fresnel zone or Throughput and Range). Click tag to help you find Wi-Fi 6 devices easily wifi6.
  • For the AP to be capable to provide 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz at the same time, the router should have at least two radios. This tag shall help you find suitable devices more quickly: 802.11abgn simultan for many 2-radio devices.
  • A single radio that allows use of both bands at the same time supports dual band simultan aka RSDB (Real simultaneous dual band) aka DBDC (DualBand-DualConcurrent) standard. It is not widely adopted (Q1-2021; only some mt76 hardware supports it and mt76 driver support for DBDC is new and not completely stable)
  • At 2.4GHz you only have 3 distinct channels without overlap, in the 5GHz band there are 19 (EU)/ 13 (USA)/ ?? (Japan) channels without overlapping available
  • The 2.4 GHz band is quite crowded with Bluetooth PAN, while 5GHz is less crowded.
  • Newer Wi-Fi standards use 6GHz (Wifi6E) or 60GHz bands (IEEE_802.11ad) possibly having 3 radios
• Is it relevant to you whether the WNICs are SoftMAC or FullMAC devices?
• Do the current capabilities of the Existing Linux Wireless drivers for your WNICs satisfy your requirements?
• Are the antennae detachable? If so, you could replace them with ones with a better gain, or with (home-made) directional antennae.
• FLOSS drivers: this is very important for wi-Fi performance/behavior. For years Broadcom didn't supply enough quality FLOSS drivers (or hardware specifications) and it seems won't ever happen, proprietary drivers often causes crashes or incorrect behavior so avoid Broadcom for wifi. It is recommended Qualcomm Atheros or MediaTek based devices are often the best choice due to higher quality wifi drivers.

(Please consult the Internet access technologies)

• Common Layer 1 protocols that utilize a Modem are: DSL, DOCSIS and Mobile telephony, e.g. LTE. See tags ADSL2+, VDSL2, DOCSIS, Mobile telephony
• If a device has a built-in modem, is the modem fully supported by OpenWrt?
• There are no FOSS drivers for the Broadcom modems in the BCM63xx SoCs, but there are FOSS drivers for Texas Instruments/Infineon/Lantiq Modems in these SoCs: soc.lantiq!

• TRNG: Most devices use a software random number generator. Only few are equipped with a true hardware random number generator, see trng tag
• Cryptographic Hardware Accelerators: routers equipped with these accelerators may bring you faster speed transfers if you use encrypted connections such as OpenVPN or WireGuard.

• USB: connect a hub, hard disks, SSDs, USB sticks, UMTS modems, cameras, sound cards, etc. →usb.overview
• Serial: very useful for developers, limited uses for end users →port.serial
• JTAG: very useful for developers and also for end users →port.jtag
• TAE sockets: a telephone connector used mostly in Germany

• You can boot your device into OpenWrt Failsafe with a reset button. Without one, this is only possible through connection over serial! Also, after boot up, you can attach functions to the buttons, like start/stop WLAN, reconnect DSL, start/stop a daemon, mount/unmount partitions, etc.

OpenWrt targets many platforms including x86-64, ARM, and MIPS CPUs. Running inside a VM or on common x86 hardware is also possible. Hardware for IPC (Industrial PC) or server mainboards are built and advertised for 24/7 operation. Other embedded devices including SBC (Single-board_computer) such as NanoPi are viable options.

• RAM is a key specification when selecting a device to run a lot of services. If you are going to run asterisk, mumble, Direct Connect, bittorrent, a web server and other stuff, enough RAM will make them run smoothly. Some of them tolerate swap pretty good, others do not. Also, the SoC sometimes only supports so much. For example, the Marvell Kirkwood, supports a maximum of 512MB.
• CPU performance can also be a bottleneck. This occurs with NAT/routing throughput and QoS features such as SQM. To compare you should have a look at the CPU included on with SoC. Do not only consider raw MHz, e.g. a MIPS 34KE@300MHz is in most scenarios faster than a MIPS 24K@400MHz.
• Storage is also an important factor, while OpenWrt can be installed on very small flash sizes, you may want more for additional packages. 128MB or more is common as you can see by referring to the flash layout.

Most hardware is constructed to run at a temperature range from 0-40°C (Operating Temperature). This is appropriate for most indoor use cases. However - increased temperature can speed up the aging of electric components. Industrial PC, Server Hardware or outdoor equipment may be certified and constructed to extended temperature ranges:

• 0-70°C (server, IPC)
• -30-75°C (outdoor AP)

Some plastics used in wiring or enclosures are problematic in outdoor operations under direct sunlight. Specialized UV resistant outdoor cabling and enclosures exist. Shielding from water (rain) and/or dust is certified with an IP_Code.

On many price comparison sites you can search for OpenWrt. Beware, though, that sometimes OpenWrt only works on certain versions. Check with the OpenWrt Table of Hardware to see if the router is really supported.

If you find a site with an effective price comparison please add it below, or report it on the OpenWrt forum.

Amazon also lets you search for OpenWrt, but you cannot filter for OpenWrt support:

• Price comparison USA: OpenWrt routers

Note that the filter is not 100% perfect, be sure to double check a router before buying.