WireGuard extras

• This how-to describes the most common WireGuard tuning scenarios adapted for OpenWrt.
• Follow WireGuard server for server setup and WireGuard client for client setup.
• Follow WireGuard protocol for server and client configuration.
• Follow DDNS client to use own server with dynamic IP address.
• Follow Random generator to overcome low entropy issues.

• WireGuard for mobile/desktop/server
• WireGuard documentation
• WireGuard configuration examples

If you want to manage VPN settings and view VPN status using web interface. Install the necessary packages.

# Install packages
opkg update
opkg install luci-proto-wireguard qrencode
service rpcd restart

• Navigate to LuCI → Network → Interfaces to configure WireGuard.
• Navigate to LuCI → Status → WireGuard to view WireGuard status.

Preserve default route to restore WAN connectivity when VPN is disconnected.

# Preserve default route
uci set network.wan.metric="1024"
uci commit network
service network restart

Periodically re-resolve inactive peer hostnames for VPN peers with dynamic IP addresses.

# Periodically re-resolve inactive peers
cat << "EOF" >> /etc/crontabs/root
* * * * * /usr/bin/wireguard_watchdog
EOF
uci set system.@system[0].cronloglevel="9"
uci commit system
service cron restart

Resolve the race condition with sysntpd service when RTC is missing.

# Resolve race conditions
cat << "EOF" >> /etc/crontabs/root
* * * * * date -s 2030-01-01; service sysntpd restart
EOF
uci set system.@system[0].cronloglevel="9"
uci commit system
service cron restart

Implement plain routing between server side LAN and client side LAN assuming that:

• 192.168.1.0/24 - server side LAN
• 192.168.2.0/24 - client side LAN

Add route to client side LAN on VPN server.

uci set network.wgclient.route_allowed_ips="1"
uci add_list network.wgclient.allowed_ips="192.168.2.0/24"
uci commit network
service network restart

Add route to server side LAN on VPN client.

uci set network.wgserver.route_allowed_ips="1"
uci add_list network.wgserver.allowed_ips="192.168.1.0/24"
uci commit network
service network restart

Consider VPN network as private and assign VPN interface to LAN zone on VPN client.

uci del_list firewall.wan.network="vpn"
uci add_list firewall.lan.network="vpn"
uci commit firewall
service firewall restart

Provide IPv6 site-to-site connectivity assuming that:

• fd00:0:0:1::/64 - server side LAN
• fd00:0:0:2::/64 - client side LAN

Add route to client side LAN on VPN server.

uci set network.lan.ip6assign="64"
uci set network.lan.ip6hint="1"
uci set network.vpn.ip6prefix="fd00::/48"
uci add_list network.wgclient.allowed_ips="fd00:0:0:2::/64"
uci commit network
service network restart

Add route to server side LAN on VPN client.

uci set network.lan.ip6assign="64"
uci set network.lan.ip6hint="2"
uci set network.vpn.ip6prefix="fd00::/48"
uci add_list network.wgserver.allowed_ips="fd00:0:0:1::/64"
uci commit network
service network restart

If you do not need to route all traffic to VPN. Disable gateway redirection on VPN client.

uci del_list network.wgserver.allowed_ips="0.0.0.0/0"
uci del_list network.wgserver.allowed_ips="::/0"
uci commit network
service network restart

If you want to disable automatic routes for allowed IPs.

uci -q delete network.wgserver.route_allowed_ips
uci commit network
service network restart

If VPN gateway is separate from your LAN gateway. Implement plain routing between LAN and VPN networks assuming that:

• 192.168.1.0/24 - LAN network
• 192.168.1.2/24 - VPN gateway
• 192.168.9.0/24 - VPN network

Add port forwarding for VPN server on LAN gateway.

uci -q delete firewall.wg
uci set firewall.wg="redirect"
uci set firewall.wg.name="Redirect-WireGuard"
uci set firewall.wg.src="wan"
uci set firewall.wg.src_dport="51820"
uci set firewall.wg.dest="lan"
uci set firewall.wg.dest_ip="192.168.1.2"
uci set firewall.wg.family="ipv4"
uci set firewall.wg.proto="udp"
uci set firewall.wg.target="DNAT"
uci commit firewall
service firewall restart

Add route to VPN network via VPN gateway on LAN gateway.

uci -q delete network.vpn
uci set network.vpn="route"
uci set network.vpn.interface="lan"
uci set network.vpn.target="192.168.9.0/24"
uci set network.vpn.gateway="192.168.1.2"
uci commit network
service network restart

Set up IPv6 tunnel broker or use IPv6 NAT or NPT if necessary.

Disable ISP prefix delegation to prevent IPv6 leaks on VPN client.

Serve DNS for VPN clients on OpenWrt server when using point-to-point topology.

Route DNS over VPN to prevent DNS leaks on VPN client.

Replace peer DNS with public or VPN-specific DNS provider on OpenWrt client.

Modify the VPN connection using NetworkManager on Linux desktop client.

nmcli connection modify id VPN_CON \
ipv4.dns-search ~. ipv4.dns-priority -50 \
ipv6.dns-search ~. ipv6.dns-priority -50

Prevent traffic leaks on OpenWrt client isolating VPN interface in a separate firewall zone.

uci -q delete firewall.vpn
uci set firewall.vpn="zone"
uci set firewall.vpn.name="vpn"
uci set firewall.vpn.input="REJECT"
uci set firewall.vpn.output="ACCEPT"
uci set firewall.vpn.forward="REJECT"
uci set firewall.vpn.masq="1"
uci set firewall.vpn.mtu_fix="1"
uci add_list firewall.vpn.network="vpn"
uci del_list firewall.wan.network="vpn"
uci -q delete firewall.@forwarding[0]
uci set firewall.lan_vpn="forwarding"
uci set firewall.lan_vpn.src="lan"
uci set firewall.lan_vpn.dest="vpn"
uci commit firewall
service firewall restart

Set up multi-client VPN server. Generate client keys and profiles. Configure VPN peers.

# Configuration parameters
VPN_IDS="wgserver wgclient wglaptop wgmobile"
VPN_PKI="."
VPN_IF="vpn"
VPN_PORT="$(uci -q get network.${VPN_IF}.listen_port)"
read -r VPN_ADDR VPN_ADDR6 \
< <(uci -q get network.${VPN_IF}.addresses)
 
# Fetch server address
NET_FQDN="$(uci -q get ddns.@service[0].lookup_host)"
. /lib/functions/network.sh
network_flush_cache
network_find_wan NET_IF
network_get_ipaddr NET_ADDR "${NET_IF}"
if [ -n "${NET_FQDN}" ]
then VPN_SERV="${NET_FQDN}"
else VPN_SERV="${NET_ADDR}"
fi
 
# Generate client keys
umask go=
mkdir -p ${VPN_PKI}
for VPN_ID in ${VPN_IDS#* }
do
wg genkey \
| tee ${VPN_PKI}/${VPN_ID}.key \
| wg pubkey > ${VPN_PKI}/${VPN_ID}.pub
wg genpsk > ${VPN_PKI}/${VPN_ID}.psk
done
 
# Generate client profiles
VPN_SFX="1"
for VPN_ID in ${VPN_IDS#* }
do
let VPN_SFX++
cat << EOF > ${VPN_PKI}/${VPN_ID}.conf
[Interface]
PrivateKey = $(cat ${VPN_PKI}/${VPN_ID}.key)
Address = ${VPN_ADDR%.*}.${VPN_SFX}/24
Address = ${VPN_ADDR6%:*}:${VPN_SFX}/64
DNS = ${VPN_ADDR%/*}
DNS = ${VPN_ADDR6%/*}
[Peer]
PublicKey = $(cat ${VPN_PKI}/${VPN_IDS%% *}.pub)
PresharedKey = $(cat ${VPN_PKI}/${VPN_ID}.psk)
PersistentKeepalive = 25
Endpoint = ${VPN_SERV}:${VPN_PORT}
AllowedIPs = 0.0.0.0/0
AllowedIPs = ::/0
EOF
done
ls ${VPN_PKI}/*.conf
 
# Back up client profiles
cat << EOF >> /etc/sysupgrade.conf
$(pwd ${VPN_PKI})
EOF
 
# Add VPN peers
VPN_SFX="1"
for VPN_ID in ${VPN_IDS#* }
do
let VPN_SFX++
uci -q delete network.${VPN_ID}
uci set network.${VPN_ID}="wireguard_${VPN_IF}"
uci set network.${VPN_ID}.description="${VPN_ID}"
uci set network.${VPN_ID}.private_key="$(cat ${VPN_PKI}/${VPN_ID}.key)"
uci set network.${VPN_ID}.public_key="$(cat ${VPN_PKI}/${VPN_ID}.pub)"
uci set network.${VPN_ID}.preshared_key="$(cat ${VPN_PKI}/${VPN_ID}.psk)"
uci add_list network.${VPN_ID}.allowed_ips="${VPN_ADDR%.*}.${VPN_SFX}/32"
uci add_list network.${VPN_ID}.allowed_ips="${VPN_ADDR6%:*}:${VPN_SFX}/128"
done
uci commit network
service network restart

Perform OpenWrt backup. Extract client profiles from the archive and import them to your clients.

Automated VPN server installation and client profiles generation.

URL="https://openwrt.org/_export/code/docs/guide-user/services/vpn/wireguard/server"
cat << EOF > wireguard-server.sh
$(wget -U "" -O - "${URL}?codeblock=0")
$(wget -U "" -O - "${URL}?codeblock=1")
$(wget -U "" -O - "${URL}?codeblock=2")
$(wget -U "" -O - "${URL}?codeblock=3")
$(wget -U "" -O - "${URL}/../extras?codeblock=15")
EOF
sh wireguard-server.sh