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docs:guide-user:network:ucicheatsheet

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UCI networking options cheatsheet

This is a cheatsheet for quick lookup of networking UCI options, useful for experienced users.

Options valid for all protocol types

config interface 'lan'
        option type 'bridge'
        option ifname 'eth0.1'
        option proto 'static'
        option netmask '255.255.255.0'
        option ip6assign '60'
        option ipaddr '192.168.1.1'
 
config interface 'wan'
        option ifname 'eth0.2'
        option proto 'dhcp'
 
config interface 'wan6'
        option ifname 'eth0.2'
        option proto 'dhcpv6'
Name Type Required Default Description
ifname interface name(s) yes(*) (none) Physical interface name such as eth0.1, eth2, or tun0 to assign to this section, list of interfaces if type bridge is set.
(*) This option may be empty or missing if only a wireless interface references this network or if the protocol type is pptp, pppoa or 6in4
As WLAN interface names may be dynamic or unpredictable, it is strongly recommended that they be assigned to bridges using the network option in UCI wireless configuration
type string no (none) If set to “bridge”, a bridge containing the given ifnames, and any wireless networks assigned using the network option in UCI wireless configuration, is created
stp boolean no 0 Only valid for type “bridge”, enables the Spanning Tree Protocol
bridge_empty boolean no 0 Only valid for type “bridge”, enables creating empty bridges
igmp_snooping boolean no 0 Only valid for type “bridge”, sets the multicast_snooping kernel setting for a bridge
multicast_querier boolean no (takes over the value of igmp_snooping) Only valid for type “bridge”, sets the multicast_querier kernel setting for a bridge
macaddr mac address no (none) Override MAC address of this interface. Example: 62:11:22:aa:bb:cc
mtu number no (none) Override the default MTU on this interface
auto boolean no 0 for proto none, else 1 Specifies whether to bring up interface on boot
ipv6 boolean no 1 Specifies whether to enable (1) or disable (0) IPv6 on this interface (Barrier Breaker and later only)
accept_ra boolean no 1 for protocol dhcp, else 0 Specifies whether to accept IPv6 Router Advertisements on this interface deprecated:
send_rs boolean no 1 for protocol static, else 0 Specifies whether to send Router Solicitations on this interface deprecated:
force_link boolean no 1 for protocol static, else 0 Specifies whether ip address, route, and optionally gateway are assigned to the interface regardless of the link being active ('1') or only after the link has become active ('0'); when set to '1', carrier sense events do not invoke hotplug handlers
disabled boolean no 0 enable or disable the interface section
ip4table string no (none) IPv4 routing table for routes of this interface. E.g., when proto = dhcp, the dhcp client will add routes to that table
ip6table string no (none) IPv6 routing table for routes of this interface. E.g., when proto = dhcp6, the dhcp6 client will add routes to that table

See wan_interface_protocols for documentation on the protocol-specific options available for each WAN protocol.

The options _orig_ifname and _orig_bridge may be seen in /etc/config/network when managed by LuCI and were used to keep previous information across edits. They were moved out of ''/etc/config/network'' in March, 2018.

Alias

Name Type Required Default Description
interface string yes (none) Specifies the logical interface name of the parent (or master) interface this alias belongs to; must refer to one of the defined interface sections
proto string yes (none) Specifies the alias interface protocol
ipaddr ip address yes, if no ip6addr is set (none) alias IP address
netmask netmask yes, if no ip6addr is set (none) alias Netmask
gateway ip address no (none) Default gateway
broadcast ip address no (none) Broadcast address (autogenerated if not set)
ip6addr ipv6 address yes, if no ipaddr is set (none) IPv6 address (CIDR notation)
ip6gw ipv6 address no (none) IPv6 default gateway
dns list of ip addresses no (none) DNS server(s)
layer integer no 3 Selects the interface to attach to for stacked protocols (tun over bridge over eth, ppp over eth or similar).
3: attach to layer 3 interface (tun*, ppp* if parent is layer 3 else fallback to 2)
2: attach to layer 2 interface (br-* if parent is bridge else fallback to layer 1)
1: attach to layer 1 interface (eth*, wlan*)

FIXME please check if this is still true or not: At the time of writing, only the static protocol type is allowed for aliases.

IP Rules (for both rule and rule6)

config rule
        option mark   '0xFF'
        option in     'lan'
        option dest   '172.16.0.0/16'
        option lookup '100'
 
config rule6
        option in     'vpn'
        option dest   'fdca:1234::/64'
        option action 'prohibit'
Name Type Required Default Description
in string no (none) Specifies the incoming logical interface name
out string no (none) Specifies the outgoing logical interface name
src ip subnet no (none) Specifies the source subnet to match (CIDR notation)
dest ip subnet no (none) Specifies the destination subnet to match (CIDR notation)
tos integer no (none) Specifies the TOS value to match in IP headers
mark mark/mask no (none) Specifies the fwmark and optionally its mask to match, e.g. 0xFF to match mark 255 or 0x0/0x1 to match any even mark value
suppress_prefixlength integer no (none) Reject routing decisions that have a prefix length less than or equal to the specified value
invert boolean no 0 If set to 1, the meaning of the match options is inverted
priority integer no (incrementing) Controls the order of the IP rules, by default the priority is auto-assigned so that they are processed in the same order they're declared in the config file
lookup routing table at least one of (none) The rule target is a table lookup, the ID can be either a numeric table index ranging from 0 to 65535 or a symbolic alias declared in /etc/iproute2/rt_tables. The special aliases local (255), main (254) and default (253) are recognized as well
goto rule index The rule target is a jump to another rule specified by its priority value
action string The rule target is one of the routing actions outlined in the table below

IPv4 Routes

config route 'net172'
        option interface 'lan'
        option target '172.16.1.0'
        option netmask '255.255.255.0'
        option gateway '10.1.1.1'
Name Type Required Default Description
interface string yes (none) Specifies the logical interface name of the parent (or master) interface this route belongs to; must refer to one of the defined interface sections
target ip address yes (none) Network address
netmask netmask no (none) Route netmask. If omitted, 255.255.255.255 is assumed which makes target a host address
gateway ip address no (none) Network gateway. If omitted, the gateway from the parent interface is taken if any, otherwise creates a link scope route; if set to 0.0.0.0 no gateway will be specified for the route
metric number no 0 Specifies the route metric to use
mtu number no interface MTU Defines a specific MTU for this route
table routing table no main Defines the table ID to use for the route. The ID can be either a numeric table index ranging from 0 to 65535 or a symbolic alias declared in /etc/iproute2/rt_tables. The special aliases local (255), main (254) and default (253) are recognized as well
source ip address no (none) The preferred source address when sending to destinations covered by the target
onlink boolean no 0 When enabled gateway is on link even if the gateway does not match any interface prefix (Barrier Breaker and later only)
type string no unicast One of the types outlined in the Routing Types table below (Barrier Breaker and later only)
proto routing protocol no static Defines the protocol ID to use for the route. The ID can be either a numeric value ranging from 0 to 255 or a symbolic alias declared in /etc/iproute2/rt_protos.

To disable a route quickly, the option enabled is not available. Just rewrite the route config section as disabled_route like: 

config 'disabled_route' 'name_your_route'
        ...lines...

and it will be recognized by the uci parser but not applied by the /etc/init.d/network script.

:!: It seems that on openwrt 12.09 if a route is defined using a gateway in an address space where a gateway is already defined, it will be not added. Like the lan has the gateway 192.168.1.1 and we want to go to 1.2.3.4 over the gateway 192.168.1.5 within the interface lan, it will not be added. Could be added through ip route commands tough.

IPv6 Routes

config route6 'default'
        option interface 'lan'
        option target '2008:a:a:c::/64'
        option gateway '2008:a:a:b::2'
Name Type Required Default Description
interface string yes (none) Specifies the logical interface name of the parent (or master) interface this route belongs to; must refer to one of the defined interface sections
target ipv6 address yes (none) IPv6 network address
gateway ipv6 address no (none) IPv6 gateway. If omitted, the gateway from the parent interface is taken
metric number no 0 Specifies the route metric to use
mtu number no interface MTU Defines a specific MTU for this route
table routing table no main Defines the table ID to use for the route. The ID can be either a numeric table index ranging from 0 to 65535 or a symbolic alias declared in /etc/iproute2/rt_tables. The special aliases local (255), main (254) and default (253) are recognized as well
source ip address no (none) The preferred source address when sending to destinations covered by the target
onlink boolean no 0 When enabled gateway is on link even if the gateway does not match any interface prefix (Barrier Breaker and later only)
type string no unicast One of the types outlined in the Routing Types table below (Barrier Breaker and later only)
proto routing protocol no static Defines the protocol ID to use for the route. The ID can be either a numeric value ranging from 0 to 255 or a symbolic alias declared in /etc/iproute2/rt_protos.

Routing types

Type Description
unicast the route entry describes real paths to the destinations covered by the route prefix.
local the destinations are assigned to this host. The packets are looped back and delivered locally.
broadcast the destinations are broadcast addresses. The packets are sent as link broadcasts.
multicast a special type used for multicast routing. It is not present in normal routing tables.
unreachable these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded and the ICMP message host unreachable is generated. The local senders get an EHOSTUNREACH error.
prohibit these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded and the ICMP message communication administratively prohibited is generated. The local senders get an EACCES error.
blackhole these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded silently. The local senders get an EINVAL error.
anycast the destinations are anycast addresses assigned to this host. They are mainly equivalent to local with one difference: such addresses are invalid when used as the source address of any packet.

Routing types

Type Description
unicast the route entry describes real paths to the destinations covered by the route prefix.
local the destinations are assigned to this host. The packets are looped back and delivered locally.
broadcast the destinations are broadcast addresses. The packets are sent as link broadcasts.
multicast a special type used for multicast routing. It is not present in normal routing tables.
unreachable these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded and the ICMP message host unreachable is generated. The local senders get an EHOSTUNREACH error.
prohibit these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded and the ICMP message communication administratively prohibited is generated. The local senders get an EACCES error.
blackhole these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded silently. The local senders get an EINVAL error.
anycast the destinations are anycast addresses assigned to this host. They are mainly equivalent to local with one difference: such addresses are invalid when used as the source address of any packet.

Protocol 6in4 (IPv6-in-IPv4 Tunnel)

config interface 'wan6'
        option proto '6in4'
        option mtu '1424'                          # the IPv6 tunnel MTU (optional)
        option peeraddr '62.12.34.56'              # the IPv4 tunnel endpoint at the tunnel provider
        option ip6addr '2001:DB8:2222:EFGH::2/64'  # the IPv6 tunnel
        option ip6prefix '2001:DB8:1234::/48'      # Your routed prefix (required!)
        # configuration options below are only valid for HE.net tunnels. ignore them for other tunnel providers.
        option tunnelid '123456'     # HE.net tunnel id
        option username 'username'   # HE.net username used to login into tunnelbroker, not the User ID shown after login in.
        option password 'password'   # HE.net password if there is no updatekey for tunnel
        option updatekey 'updatekey' # HE.net updatekey instead of password, default for new tunnels
 
config interface 'lan'
        option proto 'static'
        option ip6assign '60'
Name Type Required Default Description
ipaddr IPv4 address no Current WAN IPv4 address Local IPv4 endpoint address
peeraddr IPv4 address yes (none) Remote IPv4 endpoint address
ip6addr IPv6 address (CIDR) yes (none) Local IPv6 address delegated to the tunnel endpoint
ip6prefix IPv6 prefix no (none) Routed IPv6 prefix for downstream interfaces (Barrier Breaker and later only)
tunlink Logical Interface no (none) Tunnel base interface
defaultroute boolean no 1 Whether to create an IPv6 default route over the tunnel
ttl integer no 64 TTL used for the tunnel interface
tos string no (none) Type Of Service : either “inherit” (the outer header inherits the value of the inner header) or an hexadecimal value. Also known as DSCP. (Chaos Calmer and later only)
mtu integer no 1280 MTU used for the tunnel interface
tunnelid integer no (none) HE.net global tunnel ID (used for endpoint update)
username string no (none) HE.net username which you use to login into tunnelbroker, not the User ID shows after you have login int (used for endpoint update)
password string no (none) md5sum of HE.net password (used for endpoint update)
updatekey string no (none) HE.net updatekey, overrides password (used for endpoint update)
metric integer no 0 Specifies the default route metric to use

:!: This protocol type does not need an ifname option set in the interface section. The interface name is derived from the section name, e.g. config interface sixbone would result in an interface named 6in4-sixbone.

:!: HE.net has introduced updatekey as default for new tunnels in February 2014.

:!: username, password and updatekey are all plaintext entries.

:!: One of the ustream SSL Library variants (package libustream-*) should be installed for HE.net endpoint update to be performed over https. (optional for https: install packages ca-certificates and ca-bundle for server certificate validation.) Otherwise endpoint update will be performed over http.

:!: Although ip6prefix isn't required, sourcefilter is enabled by default and prevents forwarding of packets unless ip6prefix is specified.

6rd tunnel (ISP-provided IPv6 transition)

config interface 'wan6'
        option proto '6rd'
        option peeraddr '77.174.0.2'
        option ip6prefix '2001:838:ad00::'
        option ip6prefixlen '40'
        option ip4prefixlen '16'
Name Type Required Default Description
peeraddr IPv4 address yes no 6rd - Gateway
ipaddr IPv4 address no Current WAN IPv4 address Local IPv4 endpoint address
ip6prefix IPv6 prefix (without length) yes no 6rd-IPv6 Prefix
ip6prefixlen IPv6 prefix length yes no 6rd-IPv6 Prefix length
ip4prefixlen IPv6 prefix length no 0 IPv4 common prefix
defaultroute boolean no 1 Whether to create an IPv6 default route over the tunnel
ttl integer no 64 TTL used for the tunnel interface
tos string no (none) Type Of Service : either “inherit” (the outer header inherits the value of the inner header) or an hexadecimal value (Chaos Calmer and later only)
mtu integer no 1280 MTU used for the tunnel interface
iface6rd logical interface no (none) Logical interface template for auto-configuration of 6rd
mtu6rd integer no system default MTU of the 6rd interface
zone6rd firewall zone no system default Firewall zone to which the 6rd interface should be added

:!: This protocol type does not need an ifname option set in the interface section. The interface name is derived from the section name, e.g. config interface wan6 would result in an interface named 6rd-wan6.

:!: Some ISP's give you the number of bytes you should use from your WAN IP to calculate your IPv6 address. ip4prefixlen expects the prefix bytes of your WAN IP to calculate the IPv6 address. So if your ISP gives you 14 bytes to calculate, enter 18 (32 - 14).

6pe, L2TP tunnel (ISP-provided IPv6 transition)

config interface '6pe'
        option proto 'l2tpv2'
        option server '<LNS address>'
        option username '<PPP username>'
        option password '<PPP password>'
        option keepalive '6'
        option ipv6 '1'
 
config interface 'wan6'
        option ifname '@6pe'
        option proto 'dhcpv6'

Most options are similar to protocol “ppp”.

Name Type Required Default Description
server string yes (none) L2TP server to connect to. Acceptable datatypes are hostname or IP address, with optional port separated by colon :. Note that specifying port is only supported recently and should appear in DD release
username string no (none) Username for PAP/CHAP authentication
password string yes if username is provided (none) Password for PAP/CHAP authentication
ipv6 bool no 0 Enable IPv6 on the PPP link (IPv6CP)
mtu int no pppd default Maximum Transmit/Receive Unit, in bytes
keepalive string no (none) Number of unanswered echo requests before considering the peer dead. The interval between echo requests is 5 seconds.
checkup_interval int no (none) Number of seconds to pass before checking if the interface is not up since the last setup attempt and retry the connection otherwise. Set it to a value sufficient for a successful L2TP connection for you. It's mainly for the case that netifd sent the connect request yet xl2tpd failed to complete it without the notice of netifd
pppd_options string no (none) Additional options to pass to pppd

The name of the physical interface will be “l2tp-<logical interface name>”.

Protocol 6to4 (IPv6-in-IPv4 Tunnel)

config interface 'wan6'
        option proto '6to4'
 
config interface 'lan'
        option proto 'static'
        option ip6assign '60'
Name Type Required Default Description
ipaddr IPv4 address no Current WAN IPv4 address Local IPv4 endpoint address
defaultroute boolean no 1 Whether to create an IPv6 default route over the tunnel
ttl integer no 64 TTL used for the tunnel interface
tos string no (none) Type Of Service : either “inherit” (the outer header inherits the value of the inner header) or an hexadecimal value
mtu integer no 1280 MTU used for the tunnel interface
metric integer no 0 Specifies the default route metric to use
adv_interface string no lan deprecated The logical interface name of the network the subnet should be advertised on. Multiple interface names can be given.
adv_subnet hex number no 1 deprecated A subnet ID between 1 and FFFF which selects the advertised /64 prefix from the mapped 6to4 space. The subnet ID is incremented by 1 for every interface specified in adv_interface.
adv_valid_lifetime integer no 300 deprecated Overrides the advertised valid prefix lifetime, in seconds (used with radvd)
adv_preferred_lifetime integer no 120 deprecated Overrides the advertised preferred prefix lifetime, in seconds (used with radvd)

:!: This protocol type does not need an ifname option set in the interface section. The interface name is derived from the section name, e.g. config interface wan6 would result in an interface named 6to4-wan6.

:!: If radvd is installed and enabled, the 6to4 scripts will add a temporary prefix and interface declaration to the radvd uci configuration and perform a daemon restart if required. (deprecated)

Protocol dslite (Dual-Stack Lite)

config interface 'wan6'
        option ifname 'eth1'
        option proto 'dhcpv6'
 
config interface 'wan'
        option proto 'dslite'
        option peeraddr '2001:db80::1' # Your ISP's DS-Lite AFTR
Name Type Required Default Description
peeraddr IPv6 address yes no DS-Lite AFTR address
ip6addr IPv6 address no Current WAN IPv6 address Local IPv6 endpoint address
tunlink Logical Interface no Current WAN interface Tunnel base interface
defaultroute boolean no 1 Whether to create an IPv6 default route over the tunnel
ttl integer no 64 TTL used for the tunnel interface
mtu integer no 1280 MTU used for the tunnel interface

:!: ds-lite operation requires that IPv4 NAT is disabled. You should adjust your settings in /etc/config/firewall accordingly.

:!: This protocol type does not need an ifname option set in the interface section. The interface name is derived from the section name, e.g. config interface wan would result in an interface named dslite-wan.

config switch

config switch
        option name 'switch0'
        option reset '1'
        option enable_vlan '1'
Option Name Type Required Default Impact Notes
name string yes (none) defines which switch to configure
reset 0|1
enable_vlan 0|1
enable_mirror_rx 0|1 no 0 Mirror received packets from the mirror_source_port to the mirror_monitor_port
enable_mirror_tx 0|1 no 0 Mirror transmitted packets from the mirror_source_port to the mirror_monitor_port
mirror_monitor_port integer no 0 Switch port to which packets are mirrored
mirror_source_port integer no 0 Switch port from which packets are mirrored
arl_age_time integer no 300 Adjust the address-resolution (MAC) table's aging time (seconds) Default may differ by hardware
igmp_snooping 0|1 no 0 Enable IGMP snooping Unconfirmed if can be set. Unknown how it interacts with interface- or port-level IGMP snooping.
igmp_v3 0|1 no 0 Unconfirmed if can be set. Unknown how it interacts with interface- or port-level IGMP snooping.

config switch_vlan

config switch_vlan
        option device 'switch0'
        option vlan '1'
        option ports '1 2 3 4 5t'
 
config switch_vlan
        option device 'switch0'
        option vlan '2'
        option ports '0 5t'
Option Name Type Required Default Impact Notes
device string yes (none) defines which switch to configure
vlan integer yes (none) The vlan “table index” to configure May be limited to 127 or another number. See the output of swconfig dev <dev> help for limit. Sets defaults for VLAN tag and PVID.
vid integer no vlan The VLAN tag number to use See the output of swconfig dev <dev> help for limit. VLANs 0 and 4095 are often considered “special use”.
ports string yes (none) A string of space-separated port indicies that should be associated with the VLAN. Adding the suffix t to a port indicates that egress packets should be tagged, for example '0 1 3t 5t' The suffixes * and u are referred to in docs:guide-user:network:switch with reference to certain Broadcom switches in the context of older releases.

config switch_port

config switch_port
        option device 'eth0'
        option port '3'
        option pvid '3'
Option Name Type Required Default Impact Notes
device string yes (none) defines which switch to configure
port integer yes (none) The port index to configure
pvid integer no † Port PVID; the VLAN tag†† to assign to untagged ingress packets †Typically defaults one of the VLAN tags associated with the port. Logic not clear when there are multiple VLANs on the port. '0' can occur. Certain values have been rejected; logic not clear on limitations. ††May refer to the VLAN “index” rather than the VLAN tag itself (unconfirmed).
enable_eee 0|1 no 0 Enable “energy saving” features
igmp_snooping 0|1 no 0 Enable IGMP snooping Unconfirmed if can be set. Unknown how it interacts with interface- or switch-level IGMP snooping.
igmp_v3 0|1 no 0 Unconfirmed if can be set. Unknown how it interacts with interface- or switch-level IGMP snooping.
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docs/guide-user/network/ucicheatsheet.txt · Last modified: 2019/09/08 13:15 by tmomas

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