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docs:guide-user:network:routes_configuration
Table of Contents
Static Routes
IPv4 Routes
Static IPv4 routes can be defined on specific interfaces using route sections. As for aliases, multiple sections can be attached to an interface. The route sections are stored in the uci file /etc/config/network.
A minimal example looks like this:
config 'route' 'name_your_route'
option 'interface' 'lan'
option 'target' '172.16.123.0'
option 'netmask' '255.255.255.0'
option 'gateway' '172.16.123.100'
lanis the logical interface name of the parent interface172.16.123.0is the network address of the route255.255.255.0specifies the route netmask
Options for IPv4 routes
| Name | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
interface | string | yes | (none) | Specifies the logical interface name of the parent (or master) interface this route belongs to; must refer to one of the defined interface sections |
target | ip address | yes | (none) | Network address |
netmask | netmask | no | (none) | Route netmask. If omitted, 255.255.255.255 is assumed which makes target a host address |
gateway | ip address | no | (none) | Network gateway. If omitted, the gateway from the parent interface is taken; if set to 0.0.0.0 no gateway will be specified for the route |
metric | number | no | 0 | Specifies the route metric to use |
mtu | number | no | interface MTU | Defines a specific MTU for this route |
table | routing table | no | (none) | Defines the table ID to use for the route. The ID can be either a numeric table index ranging from 0 to 65535 or a symbolic alias declared in /etc/iproute2/rt_tables. The special aliases local (255), main (254) and default (253) are recognized as well |
source | ip address | no | (none) | The preferred source address when sending to destinations covered by the target |
onlink | boolean | no | 0 | When enabled gateway is on link even if the gateway does not match any interface prefix (Barrier Breaker and later only) |
type | string | no | unicast | One of the types outlined in the Routing Types table below (Barrier Breaker and later only) |
To disable a route quickly, the option enabled is not available. Just rewrite the route config section as disabled_route like:
config 'disabled_route' 'name_your_route'
...lines...
and it will be recognized by the uci parser but not applied by the /etc/init.d/network script.
It seems that on openwrt 12.09 if a route is defined using a gateway in an address space where a gateway is already defined, it will be not added. Like the lan has the gateway 192.168.1.1 and we want to go to 1.2.3.4 over the gateway 192.168.1.5 within the interface lan, it will not be added. Could be added through ip route commands tough.
IPv6 Routes
IPv6 routes can be specified as well by defining one or more route6 sections.
A minimal example looks like this:
config 'route6'
option 'interface' 'lan'
option 'target' '2001:0DB8:100:F00:BA3::1/64'
option 'gateway' '2001:0DB8:99::1'
lanis the logical interface name of the parent interface2001:0DB8:100:F00:BA3::1/64is the routed IPv6 subnet in CIDR notation2001:0DB8:99::1specifies the IPv6 gateway for this route
Options for IPv6 routes
| Name | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
interface | string | yes | (none) | Specifies the logical interface name of the parent (or master) interface this route belongs to; must refer to one of the defined interface sections |
target | ipv6 address | yes | (none) | IPv6 network address |
gateway | ipv6 address | no | (none) | IPv6 gateway. If omitted, the gateway from the parent interface is taken |
metric | number | no | 0 | Specifies the route metric to use |
mtu | number | no | interface MTU | Defines a specific MTU for this route |
table | routing table | no | (none) | Defines the table ID to use for the route. The ID can be either a numeric table index ranging from 0 to 65535 or a symbolic alias declared in /etc/iproute2/rt_tables. The special aliases local (255), main (254) and default (253) are recognized as well |
source | ip address | no | (none) | The preferred source address when sending to destinations covered by the target |
onlink | boolean | no | 0 | When enabled gateway is on link even if the gateway does not match any interface prefix (Barrier Breaker and later only) |
type | string | no | unicast | One of the types outlined in the Routing Types table below (Barrier Breaker and later only) |
Routing Types
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
unicast | the route entry describes real paths to the destinations covered by the route prefix. |
local | the destinations are assigned to this host. The packets are looped back and delivered locally. |
broadcast | the destinations are broadcast addresses. The packets are sent as link broadcasts. |
multicast | a special type used for multicast routing. It is not present in normal routing tables. |
unreachable | these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded and the ICMP message host unreachable is generated. The local senders get an EHOSTUNREACH error. |
prohibit | these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded and the ICMP message communication administratively prohibited is generated. The local senders get an EACCES error. |
blackhole | these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded silently. The local senders get an EINVAL error. |
anycast | the destinations are anycast addresses assigned to this host. They are mainly equivalent to local with one difference: such addresses are invalid when used as the source address of any packet. |
docs/guide-user/network/routes_configuration.txt · Last modified: 2018/07/25 12:10 by jp-t
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