Common Procedures for Ubiquiti Products

This page describes common procedures across Ubiquiti routers. If you edit / add information about a specific model, please consider linking to this page to avoid repeating common instructions.

What board do I have?

Ubiquiti doesn't make a firmware per board, but instead uses one image for a whole series of boards. Most of the time, these series have a two(/three) letter acronym in order to differentiate them.

At the time of writing, there are these acronyms, sorted by product series:

  • airMAX M (AirOS 5 and 6):
    • XM
    • XW
    • TI
  • airMAX AC (AirOS 7 and 8):
    • WA
    • 2WA
    • XC
    • 2XC
  • airMAX Legacy (original airMAX):
    • XS2
    • XS5
  • UniFi:
    • BZ.<SoC> (SoC = e.g.: ipq806x, qca956x)

You find your firmware version in the web interface in Settings→System. If your firmware version is e.g. WA.V8.5.4, you have a WA board.

OpenWrt versions to avoid

There's a bug in the first releases of OpenWRT 23.05 that causes the flash to be read-only for many Ubiquiti devices. This was fixed in release 23.05.3. Discussed here and here, fixed here.

There's a distinct bug in the first releases of OpenWRT 24.10 that causes mostly the same symptoms on mostly the same devices. This was fixed in release 24.10.3. Discussed here, fixed in Linux 6.6.103.

If you're unlucky enough to have flashed one of the buggy versions, the recovery procedure is here.

OpenWrt installation on Ubiquiti AirMAX AC Devices (WA and/or XC boards)

The following method has been tested with these versions of AirOS.

The firmware for these Ubiquiti devices is signed. Since there are no mtd utilities available on the stock firmware the original fwupdate.real binary must be used. Please make sure make sure to have one of the previous versions installed, depending on your device. MAYBE, the instructions won't work for other versions.

For flashing OpenWrt you need to use a firmware which has this patch integrated. This is the case for the latest snapshot version. This is not working anymore with latest snapshot version (tested 2024-01-20). Old snapshot builds from 2024-02 are still working. Images for Nanostations can be found here. For other devices you need to compile it for yourself.

To install unsigned firmware the fwupdate.real binary (which is in fact just a symlink to ubntbox) must be patched: 

hexdump -Cv /bin/ubntbox | sed 's/14 40 fe 27/00 00 00 00/g' | hexdump -R > /tmp/fwupdate.real
chmod +x /tmp/fwupdate.real

After that, the OpenWrt factory image can be installed using the patched binary: 

/tmp/fwupdate.real -m /tmp/openwrt-ath79-generic-ubnt_DEVICE_MODEL-squashfs-factory.bin

Warning:

Some devices are experiencing a bug in OpenWRT version 23 and later. On those devices, the configuration is lost every time the device is restarted. For now, version 22.03.x of OpenWRT is the most current version that does NOT have problems saving the configuration made after rebooting. Do not upgrade to OpenWRT 23 or higher until the bug that prevents saving the configuration after a reboot is resolved. If you upgrade to a higher version, you will NOT be able to return to version 22 by flashing the sysupgrade image. You will notice that if you do, you cannot downgrade from the recent version you have flashed, and changes in the configuration will no longer persist after rebooting. The only way (for now) to go back to version 22 is by reinstalling the original AirOS and repeating the whole process again.

WA v8.5.4+ (not recommended,use this method if everything above fails.)

Source: https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/pull/689#issuecomment-493658317

this method was tested with versions:

Needed:

  • SSH access
  • Original AirOS firmware file
  • OpenWRT sysupgrade image (Not factory image)
  • dd command

With this firmware version, we will be using the original update utility to unlock the flash and we write OpenWrt directly to /dev/mtdblock[x] with dd.

Unlock the flash partitions

  1. To unlock the partitions, you need to download WA.v8.5.4.37936.180524.1215.bin and first flash it via webinterface. For this example, we will use version AirOS 8.5.4, but any of the mentioned tested versions will work.
  2. log into the webif and set your password. SSH is not working otherwise.
  3. scp the firmware file onto the target: scp WA.v8.5.4.37936.180524.1215.bin ubnt@192.168.1.20:/tmp
  4. scp the OpenWrt sysupgrade image onto the target: scp ubnt_nanostation-ac-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin ubnt@192.168.1.20:/tmp
  5. ssh into the target: ssh ubnt@192.168.1.20
  6. double check the partition table:
    1. cat /proc/mtd
    2. size of mtd2:kernel should be 0x00100000
    3. size of mtd3:rootfs should be 0x00e60000
  7. cd /tmp
  8. fwupdate.real -m /tmp/WA.v8.5.4.37936.180524.1215.bin -d and abort the command after a few seconds (when it is on block /dev/mtd3) by pressing Ctrl+C.
  9. convert hexadecimal 0x00100000 to decimal: 1048576, divided by blocksize 4096 = 256
  10. copy only the first 0x00100000 bytes into the kernel partition: dd if=/tmp/ubnt_nanostation-ac-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin of=/dev/mtdblock2 bs=4096 count=256
  11. copy the rest of the image into the rootfs partition: dd if=/tmp/ubnt_nanostation-ac-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin of=/dev/mtdblock3 bs=4096 skip=256
  12. reboot!

Partition Table

WA.v8.5.4# cat /proc/mtd 
dev:    size   erasesize  name
mtd0: 00040000 00010000 "u-boot"
mtd1: 00010000 00010000 "u-boot-env"
mtd2: 00100000 00010000 "kernel"
mtd3: 00e60000 00010000 "rootfs"
mtd4: 00040000 00010000 "cfg"
mtd5: 00010000 00010000 "EEPROM"

CLI recording

Click to display ⇲

Click to hide ⇱ 

$ ssh ubnt@192.168.1.20
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.20' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
ubnt@192.168.1.20's password: 


BusyBox v1.19.4 (2018-05-24 12:15:05 EEST) built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.

WA.v8.5.4# cat /proc/mtd 
dev:    size   erasesize  name
mtd0: 00040000 00010000 "u-boot"
mtd1: 00010000 00010000 "u-boot-env"
mtd2: 00100000 00010000 "kernel"
mtd3: 00e60000 00010000 "rootfs"
mtd4: 00040000 00010000 "cfg"
mtd5: 00010000 00010000 "EEPROM"
WA.v8.5.4# cd /tmp/
WA.v8.5.4# fwupdate.real -m WA.v8.5.4.37936.180524.1215.bin -d
Found mtd block: /dev/mtd0(u-boot)
Found mtd block: /dev/mtd1(u-boot-env)
Found mtd block: /dev/mtd2(kernel)
Found mtd block: /dev/mtd3(rootfs)
Found mtd block: /dev/mtd4(cfg)
Found mtd block: /dev/mtd5(EEPROM)
Got U-Boot variable: mtdparts = mtdparts=ath-nor0:256k(u-boot),64k(u-boot-env),1024k(kernel),14720k(rootfs),256k(cfg),64k(EEPROM)
Adding U-Boot partition: u-boot 9F000000 00040000
Adding U-Boot partition: u-boot-env 9F040000 00010000
Adding U-Boot partition: kernel 9F050000 00100000
Adding U-Boot partition: rootfs 9F150000 00E60000
Adding U-Boot partition: cfg 9FFB0000 00040000
Adding U-Boot partition: EEPROM 9FFF0000 00010000
Calculating flash size:
Adding block: /dev/mtd0("u-boot") - size: 00040000
Adding block: /dev/mtd1("u-boot-env") - size: 00010000
Adding block: /dev/mtd2("kernel") - size: 00100000
Adding block: /dev/mtd3("rootfs") - size: 00E60000
Adding block: /dev/mtd4("cfg") - size: 00040000
Adding block: /dev/mtd5("EEPROM") - size: 00010000
Total flash size: 01000000
Flash start: 9F000000
Flash end: A0000000
Header MAGIC 'UBNT'
Current: WA.ar934x.v8.5.4.37936.180524.1215

New ver: WA.ar934x.v8.5.4.37936.180524.1215
Versions: New(525572) 8.5.4, Required(525057) 8.3.1
Signature MAGIC 'ENDS'
FW Part: "u-boot"(1), MAGIC: 'PART', Base: 0x9F000000, DLen: 0x00038980, PLen: 0x00040000
Adding adjusted FW partition:
name:	'u-boot'
flash_base:	0x9F000000
mem_base:	0xBDBDBDBD
size:		0x00040000
entry_point:	0xBDBDBDBD
data_len:	0x00038980
desc_cksum:	0x00000000
file_cksum:	0x00000000
===========================
FW Part: "kernel"(2), MAGIC: 'PART', Base: 0x9F050000, DLen: 0x000F3259, PLen: 0x00100000
FW Part: "rootfs"(3), MAGIC: 'PART', Base: 0x9F150000, DLen: 0x006E0000, PLen: 0x00E60000
FW Part: "script"(4), MAGIC: 'EXEC', Base: 0x00000000, DLen: 0x0000AA50, PLen: 0x0000AA50
Extract Script: 'tar -xz -C /tmp'
Pre-Check Script '/tmp/bin/precheck' success.
Adding adjusted FW partition:
name:	'kernel'
flash_base:	0x9F050000
mem_base:	0x80002000
size:		0x00100000
entry_point:	0x80002000
data_len:	0x000F3259
desc_cksum:	0x00000000
file_cksum:	0x00000000
===========================
Adding adjusted FW partition:
name:	'rootfs'
flash_base:	0x9F150000
mem_base:	0xBDBDBDBD
size:		0x00E60000
entry_point:	0xBDBDBDBD
data_len:	0x006E0000
desc_cksum:	0x00000000
file_cksum:	0x00000000
===========================
Signature MAGIC 'ENDS'
Working(1) with block: /dev/mtd0
Working(2) with block: /dev/mtd0
End check: 9F000000 + 00040000 <= 9F040000
Creating FIS partition: 0 =>
name:	'u-boot'
flash_base:	0x9F000000
mem_base:	0xBDBDBDBD
size:		0x00040000
entry_point:	0xBDBDBDBD
data_len:	0x00038980
desc_cksum:	0x00000000
file_cksum:	0x00000000
===========================
Working(1) with block: /dev/mtd0
Skipping: artificial: 0, unallocated: 0,writeable: 1024(WRITEABLE: 400, flags: C00), fw.flash_base: 9F050000 < blk->base: 9F000000 + blk->size: 40000
Working(1) with block: /dev/mtd1
Skipping: artificial: 0, unallocated: 0,writeable: 1024(WRITEABLE: 400, flags: C00), fw.flash_base: 9F050000 < blk->base: 9F040000 + blk->size: 10000
Copying FIS partition: 1 =>
name:	'u-boot-env'
flash_base:	0x9F040000
mem_base:	0xBDBDBDBD
size:		0x00010000
entry_point:	0xBDBDBDBD
data_len:	0x00010000
desc_cksum:	0xBDBDBDBD
file_cksum:	0xBDBDBDBD
===========================
Working(1) with block: /dev/mtd2
Working(2) with block: /dev/mtd2
End check: 9F050000 + 00100000 <= 9F150000
Creating FIS partition: 2 =>
name:	'kernel'
flash_base:	0x9F050000
mem_base:	0x80002000
size:		0x00100000
entry_point:	0x80002000
data_len:	0x000F3259
desc_cksum:	0x00000000
file_cksum:	0x00000000
===========================
Working(1) with block: /dev/mtd2
Skipping: artificial: 0, unallocated: 0,writeable: 1024(WRITEABLE: 400, flags: C00), fw.flash_base: 9F150000 < blk->base: 9F050000 + blk->size: 100000
Working(1) with block: /dev/mtd3
Working(2) with block: /dev/mtd3
End check: 9F150000 + 00E60000 <= 9FFB0000
Creating FIS partition: 3 =>
name:	'rootfs'
flash_base:	0x9F150000
mem_base:	0xBDBDBDBD
size:		0x00E60000
entry_point:	0xBDBDBDBD
data_len:	0x006E0000
desc_cksum:	0x00000000
file_cksum:	0x00000000
===========================
Working(3) with block: /dev/mtd4
Copying FIS partition: 4 <=
name:	'cfg'
flash_base:	0x9FFB0000
mem_base:	0xBDBDBDBD
size:		0x00040000
entry_point:	0xBDBDBDBD
data_len:	0x00040000
desc_cksum:	0xBDBDBDBD
file_cksum:	0xBDBDBDBD
===========================
Working(3) with block: /dev/mtd5
Copying FIS partition: 5 <=
name:	'EEPROM'
flash_base:	0x9FFF0000
mem_base:	0xBDBDBDBD
size:		0x00010000
entry_point:	0xBDBDBDBD
data_len:	0x00010000
desc_cksum:	0xBDBDBDBD
file_cksum:	0xBDBDBDBD
===========================
New FIS entries count 6
Fixer return code: 0
Exec Script: '/tmp/bin/preflash'
Working(1) with block: /dev/mtd0
Working(2) with block: /dev/mtd0
Unlocking /dev/mtd0(u-boot) ...
Unlocking device failed: ioctl(MEMUNLOCK): Operation not supported
Writing 'u-boot         ' to /dev/mtd0(u-boot         ) ...  
Writing: 0x00038980 bytes with offset 0x00000000
[%0  ]
Block on '/dev/mtd0' at 00000000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%28 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd0' at 00010000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%56 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd0' at 00020000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%84 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd0' at 00030000(len: 00008980) has no changes.
[%100]

End check: 9F000000 + 00040000 <= 9F040000
Creating FIS partition: 0 =>
name:	'u-boot'
flash_base:	0x9F000000
mem_base:	0xBDBDBDBD
size:		0x00040000
entry_point:	0xBDBDBDBD
data_len:	0x00038980
desc_cksum:	0x00000000
file_cksum:	0x00000000
===========================
Working(1) with block: /dev/mtd0
Skipping: artificial: 0, unallocated: 0,writeable: 1024(WRITEABLE: 400, flags: C00), fw.flash_base: 9F050000 < blk->base: 9F000000 + blk->size: 40000
Working(1) with block: /dev/mtd1
Skipping: artificial: 0, unallocated: 0,writeable: 1024(WRITEABLE: 400, flags: C00), fw.flash_base: 9F050000 < blk->base: 9F040000 + blk->size: 10000
Copying FIS partition: 1 =>
name:	'u-boot-env'
flash_base:	0x9F040000
mem_base:	0xBDBDBDBD
size:		0x00010000
entry_point:	0xBDBDBDBD
data_len:	0x00010000
desc_cksum:	0xBDBDBDBD
file_cksum:	0xBDBDBDBD
===========================
Working(1) with block: /dev/mtd2
Working(2) with block: /dev/mtd2
Unlocking /dev/mtd2(kernel) ...
Unlocking device failed: ioctl(MEMUNLOCK): Operation not supported
Writing 'kernel         ' to /dev/mtd2(kernel         ) ...  
Writing: 0x000F3259 bytes with offset 0x00000000
[%0  ]
Block on '/dev/mtd2' at 00000000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%6  ]
Block on '/dev/mtd2' at 00010000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%13 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd2' at 00020000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%19 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd2' at 00030000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%26 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd2' at 00040000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%32 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd2' at 00050000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%39 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd2' at 00060000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%46 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd2' at 00070000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%52 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd2' at 00080000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%59 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd2' at 00090000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%65 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd2' at 000A0000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%72 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd2' at 000B0000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%78 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd2' at 000C0000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%85 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd2' at 000D0000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%92 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd2' at 000E0000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%98 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd2' at 000F0000(len: 00003259) has no changes.
[%100]

End check: 9F050000 + 00100000 <= 9F150000
Creating FIS partition: 2 =>
name:	'kernel'
flash_base:	0x9F050000
mem_base:	0x80002000
size:		0x00100000
entry_point:	0x80002000
data_len:	0x000F3259
desc_cksum:	0x00000000
file_cksum:	0x00000000
===========================
Working(1) with block: /dev/mtd2
Skipping: artificial: 0, unallocated: 0,writeable: 1024(WRITEABLE: 400, flags: C00), fw.flash_base: 9F150000 < blk->base: 9F050000 + blk->size: 100000
Working(1) with block: /dev/mtd3
Working(2) with block: /dev/mtd3
Unlocking /dev/mtd3(rootfs) ...
Unlocking device failed: ioctl(MEMUNLOCK): Operation not supported
Writing 'rootfs         ' to /dev/mtd3(rootfs         ) ...  
Writing: 0x006E0000 bytes with offset 0x00000000
[%0  ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 00000000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%0  ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 00010000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%1  ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 00020000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%2  ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 00030000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%3  ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 00040000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%4  ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 00050000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%5  ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 00060000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%6  ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 00070000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%7  ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 00080000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%8  ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 00090000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%9  ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 000A0000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%10 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 000B0000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%10 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 000C0000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%11 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 000D0000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%12 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 000E0000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%13 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 000F0000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%14 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 00100000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%15 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 00110000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%16 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 00120000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%17 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 00130000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%18 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 00140000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%19 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 00150000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%20 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 00160000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%20 ]
Block on '/dev/mtd3' at 00170000(len: 00010000) has no changes.
[%21 ]
^C
WA.v8.5.4# dd if=/tmp/openwrt-ath79-generic-ubnt_nanostation-ac-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin of=/dev/mtdblock2 count=256 b
s=4096
256+0 records in
256+0 records out
WA.v8.5.4# dd if=/tmp/openwrt-ath79-generic-ubnt_nanostation-ac-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin of=/dev/mtdblock3 skip=256 bs
=4096
976+1 records in
976+1 records out
WA.v8.5.4# sync
WA.v8.5.4# reboot
WA.v8.5.4# Connection to 192.168.1.20 closed by remote host.
Connection to 192.168.1.20 closed.

Troubleshooting

It may happen that following this, OpenWRT will work, but fail to keep settings across reboots. Reflashing once more the squashfs-sysupgrade.bin file through OpenWRT's web interface did fix this in one case where less radical options (like the firstboot command of confirming that the overlayfs is correctly mounted) did not. YMMV.

One more thing:

For now, version 22.03.x of OpenWRT is the most current version that does NOT have problems saving the configuration made after rebooting. Do not upgrade to OpenWRT 23 or higher until the bug that prevents saving the configuration after a reboot is resolved. If you upgrade to a higher version, you will NOT be able to return to version 22 by flashing the sysupgrade image. You will notice that if you do, you cannot downgrade from the recent version you have flashed, and changes in the configuration will no longer persist after rebooting. The only way (for now) to go back to version 22 is by reinstalling the original AirOS and repeating the whole process again.

OpenWrt installation on XM boards

Do not attempt to install OpenWrt on an XM device running AirOS 5.6 or newer!

The mtd partitions layout for XM-type devices changed from AirOS v5.5 to AirOS v5.6. Before installing OpenWrt, downgrade first to AirOS 5.5.

Steps for downgrading to AirOS 5.5:

  1. Perform a factory reset
  2. Flash AirOS v5.6.15-sign (from [https://dl.ubnt.com/firmwares/XN-fw/v5.6.15/XM.v5.6.15-sign.31612.170908.1458.bin|Ubiquiti's web site]) via web GUI or TFTP recovery
  3. Flash AirOS v5.6.15-unsigned (from [https://dl.ubnt.com/firmwares/XN-fw/v5.6.15/XM.v5.6.15.30572.170328.1107.bin|Ubiquiti's web site]) via TFTP recovery
  4. Downgrade to AirOS v5.5.x (latest known v5.5 version is v5.5.11, available for download at several places) via web GUI or TFTP recovery: this step will modify overwrite the device's bootloader, U-Boot, with the old mtd layour

Once AirOS v5.5.x is running, install OpenWrt by flashing a factory image via web GUI, CLI or TFTP.

OpenWrt installation on XW boards

Ubiquiti devices with XW boards do not have the limitation that those based on XM have when installing OpenWRT and when downgrading. What is required is to have a firmware version of AirOS 6.0.4 or lower. As of version 6.0.6, Ubiquiti only supports digitally signed firmwares. If you already have a version higher than 6.0.6 installed, you can do the following to downgrade successfully:

1 - Install version 6.0.6beta:

https://www.ubnt.com/downloads/XN-fw-internal/v6.0.6/XM.v6.0.6-beta.30875.170526.0038.bin

https://www.ubnt.com/downloads/XN-fw-internal/v6.0.6/TI.v6.0.6-beta.30875.170526.0008.bin

https://www.ubnt.com/downloads/XN-fw-internal/v6.0.6/XW.v6.0.6-beta.30875.170526.0023.bin

2 - Install 6.0.4:

https://www.ubnt.com/downloads/XN-fw-internal/v6.0.4/XM.v6.0.4-cs.30805.170505.1525.bin

https://www.ubnt.com/downloads/XN-fw-internal/v6.0.4/XW.v6.0.4-cs.30805.170505.1510.bin

https://www.ubnt.com/downloads/XN-fw-internal/v6.0.4/TI.v6.0.4-cs.30805.170505.1456.bin

In version 6.0.4 you can now install OpenWRT directly by loading the firmware through the GUI. You do not need to downgrade to lower versions.

XW v6.1.7

XW-type devices with newer hardware revisions required the firmware to be RSA-signed to allow flashing. Since there are no mtd utilities available on the stock firmware the original fwupdate.real binary must be used. Please make sure you have got firmware version XW.v6.1.7.32555 installed (upgrade or downgrade if necessary). Once there, head to https://github.com/true-systems/ubnt-openwrt-flashing and follow the instructions on the README.md document.

You can also find relevant information on the OpenWrt Forum.

OpenWrt installation on BZ boards

BZ.v3.7.58+

With this version, we can just downgrade and then use the standard mtd util to flash OpenWrt directly.

We will need:

how to flash

  1. downgrade first:
    1. copy firmware to the device, e.g.: scp BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin ubnt@192.168.1.20:/tmp
    2. log into the device with SSH: ssh ubnt@192.168.1.20 with password ubnt
    3. to downgrade: fwupdate.real -m /tmp/BZ.qca956x.v3.7.58.6385.170508.0957.bin
  2. flash OpenWrt:
    1. copy firmware to the device, e.g.: scp openwrt-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-pro-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin ubnt@192.168.1.20:/tmp
    2. log into the device with SSH: ssh ubnt@192.168.1.20 with password ubnt
    3. flash openwrt to partition kernel0: mtd write /tmp/openwrt-ath79-generic-ubnt_unifiac-pro-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin kernel0
    4. erase partition kernel1: mtd erase kernel1
    5. write a single 0-byte in bs: dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mtd4 bs=1 count=1
    6. reboot

Partition Table

UBNT-BZ.v3.9.43# cat /proc/mtd 
dev:    size   erasesize  name
mtd0: 00060000 00010000 "u-boot"
mtd1: 00010000 00010000 "u-boot-env"
mtd2: 00790000 00010000 "kernel0"
mtd3: 00790000 00010000 "kernel1"
mtd4: 00020000 00010000 "bs"
mtd5: 00040000 00010000 "cfg"
mtd6: 00010000 00010000 "EEPROM"
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  • Last modified: 2025/10/03 04:04
  • by jmranger