Rotas estáticas

O Netifd suporta declarações estáticas de rota IP, necessárias para implementar o roteamento básico.

Rotas estáticas IPv4 podem ser definidas em interfaces específicas usando seções route. Quanto aos aliases, várias seções podem ser anexadas a uma interface. As seções route são armazenadas no arquivo uci /etc/config/network.

Um exemplo mínimo se parece com isto:

config route 'route_example_1'
        option interface 'lan'
        option target '172.16.123.0'
        option netmask '255.255.255.0'
        option gateway '172.16.123.100'

lan é o nome da interface lógica da interface pai
172.16.123.0 é o endereço de rede da rota
255.255.255.0 especifica a máscara de rede da rota

Outro exemplo: criando uma rota padrão para a tabela 100 com o gateway 10.72.197.110:

config route 'route_example_2'
        option interface 'vpn'
        option target '0.0.0.0/0'
        option table '100'
        option gateway '10.72.197.110'

vpn é o nome da interface lógica da interface pai
0.0.0.0/0 é o endereço da sub-rede e inclui todos os IPs. Como usamos uma sub-rede, não precisamos usar máscara de rede.
100 é o número da tabela específica. Se você quiser que ele seja exibido como um nome, adicione-o a /etc/iproute2/rt_tables

Este é um equivalente persistente ao comando de tempo de execução:

ip route add default via 10.72.197.110 tabela 100

Name	Type	Required	Default	Description
`interface`	string	yes	(none)	Specifies the logical interface name of the parent (or master) interface this route belongs to; must refer to one of the defined `interface` sections
`target`	ip address	yes	(none)	Network address
`netmask`	netmask	no	(none)	Route netmask. If omitted, `255.255.255.255` is assumed which makes `target` a host address
`gateway`	ip address	no	(none)	Network gateway. If omitted, the `gateway` from the parent interface is taken if any, otherwise creates a `link` scope route; if set to `0.0.0.0` no gateway will be specified for the route
`metric`	number	no	`0`	Specifies the route metric to use
`mtu`	number	no	interface MTU	Defines a specific MTU for this route
`table`	routing table	no	`main`	Defines the table ID to use for the route. The ID can be either a numeric table index ranging from 0 to 65535 or a symbolic alias declared in `/etc/iproute2/rt_tables`. The special aliases local (255), main (254) and default (253) are recognized as well
`source`	ip address	no	(none)	The preferred source address when sending to destinations covered by the target
`onlink`	boolean	no	`0`	When enabled gateway is on link even if the gateway does not match any interface prefix
`type`	string	no	`unicast`	One of the types outlined in the routing types table below
`proto`	routing protocol	no	`static`	Defines the protocol ID for the route. The ID can be either a numeric value ranging from 0 to 255 or a symbolic alias declared in `/etc/iproute2/rt_protos`. i.e. `kernel`, `boot`, `ra`, `redirect`, `static`
`disabled`	boolean	no	`0`	Specifies if the static route should be set or not, available since OpenWrt >= 21.02.

Rotas IPv6 também podem ser especificadas definindo uma ou mais seções route6.

Um exemplo mínimo seria este:

config route6
        option interface 'lan'
        option target '2001:0DB8:100:F00:BA3::1/64'
        option gateway '2001:0DB8:99::1'

lan é o nome da interface lógica da interface pai
2001:0DB8:100:F00:BA3::1/64 é a sub-rede IPv6 roteada em notação CIDR
2001:0DB8:99::1 especifica o gateway IPv6 para esta rota

Name	Type	Required	Default	Description
`interface`	string	yes	(none)	Specifies the logical interface name of the parent (or master) interface this route belongs to; must refer to one of the defined `interface` sections
`target`	ipv6 address	yes	(none)	IPv6 network address
`gateway`	ipv6 address	no	(none)	IPv6 gateway. If omitted, the `gateway` from the parent interface is taken
`metric`	number	no	`0`	Specifies the route metric to use
`mtu`	number	no	interface MTU	Defines a specific MTU for this route
`table`	routing table	no	`main`	Defines the table ID to use for the route. The ID can be either a numeric table index ranging from 0 to 65535 or a symbolic alias declared in /etc/iproute2/rt_tables. The special aliases local (255), main (254) and default (253) are recognized as well
`source`	ip address	no	(none)	The route source address in source-address dependent routes. It's called “from” in the ip command.
`onlink`	boolean	no	`0`	When enabled gateway is on link even if the gateway does not match any interface prefix
`type`	string	no	`unicast`	One of the types outlined in the Routing Types table below
`proto`	routing protocol	no	`static`	Defines the protocol ID for the route. The ID can be either a numeric value ranging from 0 to 255 or a symbolic alias declared in `/etc/iproute2/rt_protos`. i.e. `kernel`, `boot`, `ra`, `redirect`, `static`
`disabled`	boolean	no	`0`	Specifies if the static route should be set or not, available since OpenWrt >= 21.02.

Tipos de roteamento

Type	Description
`unicast`	the route entry describes real paths to the destinations covered by the route prefix.
`local`	the destinations are assigned to this host. The packets are looped back and delivered locally.
`broadcast`	the destinations are broadcast addresses. The packets are sent as link broadcasts.
`multicast`	a special type used for multicast routing. It is not present in normal routing tables.
`unreachable`	these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded and the ICMP message host unreachable is generated. The local senders get an EHOSTUNREACH error.
`prohibit`	these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded and the ICMP message communication administratively prohibited is generated. The local senders get an EACCES error.
`blackhole`	these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded silently. The local senders get an EINVAL error.
`anycast`	the destinations are anycast addresses assigned to this host. They are mainly equivalent to local with one difference: such addresses are invalid when used as the source address of any packet.

Rotas estáticas

Rotas IPv4

Opções para rotas IPv4

Rotas IPv6

Opções para rotas IPv6

Tipos de roteamento