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zh:supported_devices:432_warning [2018/05/26 03:26] – [4/32警告] lujimmyzh:supported_devices:432_warning [2020/01/08 14:31] – [可用性问题] lujimmy
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 ====== 4/32警告 ====== ====== 4/32警告 ======
-操作系统应满足以下: +~~NOTOC~~ 
-  - 容纳固件镜像的足够存储 +对于任何一个操作系统,都需要: 
-  - 保稳定运行的足够内存+  - 足够的闪存以存放固件镜像 
 +  - 足够的内存以证系统的稳定运行
  
-{{section>meta:infobox:432_warning#infobox_for_tohs&noheader&nofooter&noeditbutton}}+{{section>zh:meta:infobox:432_warning#infobox_for_tohs&noheader&nofooter&noeditbutton}}
  
-===== Usability =====+===== 可用性 =====
  
-**Insufficient RAM for stable operation**+**内存不足影响运行稳定**
  
-  * 32MB minimum; can work quite well, but can also be borderline, depending on your usecase. +  * 32MB 内存可以用于基本的路由或AP功能,但可能会经常性的崩溃,取决于您的硬件以及具体用途。 
-  * 64MB are more comfortable to work with, and in general the better choice.+  * 64MB 内存可能仍然存在稳定性问题,取决于您的硬件以及具体用途。 
 +  * 如果要运行软件来获得基本的路由或AP之外的功能,推荐使用128MB或更大的内存。
  
-===== Extensibility =====+===== 扩展性 =====
  
-**Barely enough Flash to accommodate LEDE firmware image**+**需要有足够的闪存来存储OpenWrt固件镜像**
  
-  * 4MB min (won't be able to install luci) 8MB better (will fit luci and some other applications+  * 您至少需要4MB(无法安装luci),推荐8MB(可以装下luci以及一些其他的应用程序
-  * 4MB can work, but are no fun to work with. >4MB will make you happier than 4MB or below. +  * 4MB已经可以工作了,但工作的不算太好。 大于4MB的闪存会让您在使用时感到更为舒畅。 
-  * 4MB devices can't fit anything noteworthy unless you use [[docs:guide-user:additional-software:imagebuilder|the Image Generator (Image Builder)]] (that requires a Linux system and some mild experienceor use [[docs:guide-user:additional-software:extroot_configuration|Extroot]]. Experienced users deploying specific or custom builds may not be affected by these restrictions; novices however will likely waste hours only to see that their expectations of an extensible operating system which LEDE claims to be can not be met by their device. +  * 4MB的设备几乎无法安装任何重要的软件,除非您使用 [[docs:guide-user:additional-software:imagebuilder|Image Builder (Image Generator)]] (需要使用Linux系统,并且您要有一点使用的经验或者使用 [[docs:guide-user:additional-software:extroot_configuration|Extroot]]. 对于高级用户来说,他们可以创建自定义固件以[[zh:docs:guide-user:additional-software:saving_space|节省固件空间]], 但部分软件无论用什么方法都无法放入其中。  
-  * Especially in regards to extensibility, the advice can only be: 8MB (or more) are the better choice.+  * 如果您还想要安装一些自定义的软件,那么8MB及以上闪存和64MB及以上内存是必须的。
  
  
-Devices with only 4MB Flash memory will barely be able to hold the LEDE firmware image, and will have limitations in their extensibility. With low flash, do not expect too much in this regard.+在多数情况下,如果您只有4MB的闪存,您将无法安装这些(或其他)热门的软件包:
  
-Most probably, you will not be able to install the following popular packages (and others) on a device with only 4MB flash:+  * [[docs:guide-user:network:tunneling_interface_protocols|VPNs]] 以及其他需要加密的软件 
 +  * [[docs:guide-user:services:nas:samba_configuration|Samba]] 文件夹共享 
 +  * 3G/4G 上网卡的支持 
 +  * 用于[[docs:guide-user:additional-software:extroot_configuration|Extroot]]的文件系统的驱动以及格式化和磁盘检查工具
  
-  * [[docs:guide-user:network:tunneling_interface_protocols|VPNs]] and any other package requiring encryption 
-  * [[docs:guide-user:services:nas:samba_configuration|Samba]] (shared folders) 
-  * 3G/4G dongle support 
-  * filesystem drivers/tools for formatting and checking a filesystem for [[docs:guide-user:additional-software:extroot_configuration|Extroot]] 
  
 +===== 支持性 =====
  
-===== Supportability =====+随着时间的发展,小内存和闪存设备将会越来越难得到支持。OpenWrt近期可能会在无照会的情况下结束对这些设备的支持。 
 + 
 + 
 +===== 建议 ===== 
 + 
 +对于并没有什么使用经验的用户(即无法自行编译固件的用户),应当考虑: 
 +**16/64 设备是绝对的底线**,有可能的话尽量选择128M内存的设备。  
 + 
 +用户应当知道这些小于16M储存、64M内存的设备在当前版本(17.x, 18.x)的OpenWrt下已经是不稳定的了,他们应当考虑到这些设备在未来有可能不会收到安全更新、驱动和应用软件更新。OpenWrt团队并没有对任何设备做出过继续支持的保证,用户应当考虑到设备在停止支持后的安全问题。 
 + 
 +之前版本的OpenWrt包含着一些已知的内核、无线驱动和应用软件安全问题。OpenWrt团队不支持在任何条件下继续使用这些包含已知安全问题的软件,“这是我的路由”并不能成为这台路由器变为跳板和攻击设备而影响他人的理由。在多数情况下,这些已知的安全问题将可能会被潜在的[[https://​blog.talosintelligence.com/​2018/​05/​VPNFilter.html|黑客甚至是政府机构]]利用。 
 + 
 +===== 由论坛用户slh所做的问题分析 ===== 
 +以下内容来自论坛用户 **slh** 的 [[https://forum.openwrt.org/t/should-lede-support-devices-with-only-4mb-flash/1018/71|这个主题帖]]。 
 + 
 +首先,我并不是假装为LEDE团队发言,但是数字却可以让问题显而易见。 
 + 
 +以论坛中 "[[https://forum.openwrt.org/t/solved-why-no-images-generated-for-default-d-link-dir-600a1/990| Why no images generated for default D-Link DIR-600A1?]]"这个帖为例,显然其他一些4MB闪存设备比这个特定的样品稍好一点,但趋势仍然是一致的。 
 +<code>D-Link DIR-600A1: 
 +Backfire 10.03..............: 2293764 bytes 
 +Backfire 10.03.1............: 2949124 bytes 
 +Attitude Adjustment 12.09...: 2883588 bytes 
 +Barrier Breaker 14.07.......: 3276804 bytes 
 +Chaos Calmer 15.05..........: 3342340 bytes 
 +Chaos Calmer 15.05.1........: 3407876 bytes 
 +LEDE 17.01 release branch...: 3473412 bytes 
 +absolute firmware size......: 3735576 bytes 
 +maximum usable firmware size: 3538944 bytes</code> 
 +(以上数字是包括luci和大致相同的功能集的各发行版本镜像大小) 
 + 
 +===== Supportability issues =====
  
 It is getting harder or even impossible over time to support devices with low Flash + RAM. It is getting harder or even impossible over time to support devices with low Flash + RAM.
-LEDE support for those devices might end somewhere in the future.+OpenWrt support for those devices will likely end without warning at any time in the near future.
  
  
 ===== Advice ===== ===== Advice =====
  
-  * **new users** knowing what they want (or not), not knowing what they neednot knowing what to do -> get 8/64 +Users that are not expert users of OpenWrt (those that can build their own images) should consider  
-  * **experienced users** knowing what they wantneed, and do -> try if 4/32 suits your needs; if not, get 8/64+ 
 +**16/64 as an //absolute// minimum for any device, with at least 128 MB of RAM being preferred.**   
 + 
 +Users should expect that devices with less than 16 MB of flash and/or 64 MB of RAM may be unstable in basic operation under current versions of OpenWrt (17.X, 18.X). They should further expect that support for the device may be dropped at any time and that security patches/updates to the kerneldriversand/or application software will not be available. While there is no warranty of ongoing support for any device under OpenWrt, those with insufficient resources are at great risk for "end of support". 
 + 
 +Previous versions of OpenWrt (such as earlier versions of 17.X15.X"Chaos Calmer" and prior) contain now-known security vulnerabilities in the kernel, wireless implementation, and/or application code. The OpenWrt community cannot support running known-vulnerable code under any situation. "It's just my router" is not justification as your router becoming compromised can impact others as a jump-pointcommand-and-control, or other participant in an attack. In many cases, these known vulnerabilities are being actively targeted, potentially including by [[https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/05/VPNFilter.html|advanced, likely state-sponsored or state-affiliated actor]] or actors.
  
 ===== An analysis of the issue done by forum user slh ===== ===== An analysis of the issue done by forum user slh =====
-As written in [[https://forum.lede-project.org/t/should-lede-support-devices-with-only-4mb-flash/1018/71| this forum post ]] by forum user **slh**.+As written in [[https://forum.openwrt.org/t/should-lede-support-devices-with-only-4mb-flash/1018/71| this forum post ]] by forum user **slh**.
  
 First of all, I'm not pretending to speak for the LEDE team, however looking at the plain numbers presents a quite obvious situation. First of all, I'm not pretending to speak for the LEDE team, however looking at the plain numbers presents a quite obvious situation.
  
-Taking "[[https://forum.lede-project.org/t/solved-why-no-images-generated-for-default-d-link-dir-600a1/990| Why no images generated for default D-Link DIR-600A1?]]" as an example (yes, some other 4 MB flash devices are a bit better than this particular specimen, the trend remains to be the same though).+Taking "[[https://forum.openwrt.org/t/solved-why-no-images-generated-for-default-d-link-dir-600a1/990| Why no images generated for default D-Link DIR-600A1?]]" as an example (yes, some other 4 MB flash devices are a bit better than this particular specimen, the trend remains to be the same though).
  
 <code>D-Link DIR-600A1: <code>D-Link DIR-600A1:
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 [4] I would expect that there already are a couple of 4 MB flash devices in the target list for which no release firmware can be built for 17.01, because of less ideal flash partitioning schemes chosen by the vendor (dropping free space below 3 erase blocks). Those are probably a minority, but given the close numbers, I'd be very suprised if there wouldn't be any affected. [4] I would expect that there already are a couple of 4 MB flash devices in the target list for which no release firmware can be built for 17.01, because of less ideal flash partitioning schemes chosen by the vendor (dropping free space below 3 erase blocks). Those are probably a minority, but given the close numbers, I'd be very suprised if there wouldn't be any affected.
  
-[[https://forum.lede-project.org/t/lede-a-bit-over-the-top-with-the-minimal-requirements/2009/4?u=tmomas|More explanations]] on this subject by forum user **slh**.+[[https://forum.openwrt.org/t/lede-a-bit-over-the-top-with-the-minimal-requirements/2009/4?u=tmomas|More explanations]] on this subject by forum user **slh**. 
 ===== The opinion of a Core LEDE developer ===== ===== The opinion of a Core LEDE developer =====
-As originally written in [[https://forum.lede-project.org/t/should-lede-support-devices-with-only-4mb-flash/1018/79|this forum post]] by jow.+As originally written in [[https://forum.openwrt.org/t/should-lede-support-devices-with-only-4mb-flash/1018/79|this forum post]] by jow.
  
 Just providing my rather pragmatic opinion on the topic here:\\ Just providing my rather pragmatic opinion on the topic here:\\
  • Last modified: 2020/01/08 14:53
  • by lujimmy