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zh:docs:guide-user:base-system:user.beginner.cli [2019/11/01 14:18] – [重要的命令] longgenxingzh:docs:guide-user:base-system:user.beginner.cli [2020/11/10 09:23] xiu
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-FIXME **This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation.**\\ //(remove this paragraph once the translation is finished)// 
- 
 ====== Command-line interpreter ====== ====== Command-line interpreter ======
 ====== 使用命令行工具 ====== ====== 使用命令行工具 ======
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 **中文翻译**:**提示** 在火狐浏览器中,你可以使用 [[https://kb.mozillazine.org/Using_keyword_searches|keywords]] 来简化查找命令帮助流程。标记一个新的书签,使用 ''https://man.cx/?page=%s''作为网址,以及 ''man''作为关键字。 **中文翻译**:**提示** 在火狐浏览器中,你可以使用 [[https://kb.mozillazine.org/Using_keyword_searches|keywords]] 来简化查找命令帮助流程。标记一个新的书签,使用 ''https://man.cx/?page=%s''作为网址,以及 ''man''作为关键字。
 ===== editing files ===== ===== editing files =====
 +===== 文本编辑 =====
 To edit a file you need an editor, to edit a text file, you would use a text editor. To edit a file you need an editor, to edit a text file, you would use a text editor.
 +
 +**中文翻译**:要想编辑文件你得有个编辑器才行,编辑一个文本文件,你就得用文本编辑器。
  
 The standard text editor included is ''[[wp>vi]]''. Until you get used to it, vi is neither intuitive nor pretty. The standard text editor included is ''[[wp>vi]]''. Until you get used to it, vi is neither intuitive nor pretty.
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   * to enter insert mode press either [i] for //insert//  or [a] for //append//   * to enter insert mode press either [i] for //insert//  or [a] for //append//
   * ''vi'' starts out in command mode   * ''vi'' starts out in command mode
 +
 +**中文翻译**:标准的文本编辑器是''[[wp>vi]]''。除非你用的很熟了,否则你会发现vi这个软件不好学,也不那么完美。
 +  * vi编辑器有两种模式:命令行模式 和 插入编辑模式
 +  * 先按下ESC键进入到命令行模式
 +  * 先按下键盘i键进入到插入编辑模式,或者按下a键进入到追加编辑模式
 +  * vi启动时首先进入的是命令行模式
  
 === starting vi === === starting vi ===
 +=== 启动vi编辑器 ===
 Start with ''vi'' or ''vi /etc/config/network'' or ''vi firewall.user'' if you are already in the same directory. Start with ''vi'' or ''vi /etc/config/network'' or ''vi firewall.user'' if you are already in the same directory.
 +
 +**中文翻译**:使用vi命令启动编辑器。运行''vi /etc/config/network''来编辑network文件; 或者 ''vi firewall.user''来新建或者打开firewall.user文件。
  
 === editing === === editing ===
 +=== 编辑 ====
 In order to edit the file, you have to be in //insert mode//. Press [i] or [a]. In order to edit the file, you have to be in //insert mode//. Press [i] or [a].
 +
 +**中文翻译**:要编辑一个文件,你就要进入插入编辑模式。按i或者a键进入该模式。
  
 === exiting vi === === exiting vi ===
 +=== 退出vi编辑器 ===
 In order to get out of vi, you have to be in //command mode//. Press [Esc] (the escape key). Then issue one of the following commands: In order to get out of vi, you have to be in //command mode//. Press [Esc] (the escape key). Then issue one of the following commands:
   * '':w'' to write the current file to disc, this will overwrite the old file   * '':w'' to write the current file to disc, this will overwrite the old file
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   * '':wq!'' to (forcefully) write to disk and then quit vi   * '':wq!'' to (forcefully) write to disk and then quit vi
   * '':%s/string1/string2/g'' replace string1 with string2 in the whole file   * '':%s/string1/string2/g'' replace string1 with string2 in the whole file
 +
 +**中文翻译**:为了退出vi编辑器,你必须切换到 命令行模式 才行。按下ESC键就可以进入命令行模式。然后敲下面的这些命令:
 +  * 输入“:w” 用来把当前的文件写入存储器中,这会覆盖旧的文件内容。
 +  * 输入“:q”用来不保存退出vi编辑器
 +  * 输入“:wq!”用来强制写入存储器,然后退出vi
 +  * 输入“:%s/string1/string2/g”用来将文件里的所有string1替换成string2
  
 === configuring vi === === configuring vi ===
 +=== 配置vi编辑器 ===
 Vi can be configured in //command mode// by setting certain variables: Vi can be configured in //command mode// by setting certain variables:
   * '':set ai'' use auto indentation (sometimes annoying default)   * '':set ai'' use auto indentation (sometimes annoying default)
   * '':set noai'' NO auto indentation   * '':set noai'' NO auto indentation
 +
 +**中文翻译**:vi编辑器的参数可以在命令行模式下进行配置:
 +  * 输入“:set ai”用来自动插入缩进(但有些时候自动功能很烦人)
 +  * 输入“:set noai”用来关闭自动插入缩进
  
 === alternative text editors === === alternative text editors ===
 +=== 其他替代的文本编辑器 ===
 If you do not like ''vi'', try ''joe'', ''mg'', ''nano'', ''vim'', ''vim-full'', ''vim-help'', ''vim-runtime'', ''zile'' If you do not like ''vi'', try ''joe'', ''mg'', ''nano'', ''vim'', ''vim-full'', ''vim-help'', ''vim-runtime'', ''zile''
   * ''[[wp>Vim (text editor)|vim]]''   * ''[[wp>Vim (text editor)|vim]]''
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   * You may need to restart the system to let vim be installed properly.   * You may need to restart the system to let vim be installed properly.
  
 +**中文翻译**:如果你不喜欢vi编辑器,你可以尝试joe、mg、nano、vim、vim-full、vim-help、vim-rumtime、zile,介绍如下:
 +  * ''[[wp>Vim (text editor)|vim]]''
 +  * ''[[wp>Joe's Own Editor|joe]]''
 +  * ''[[wp>nano (text editor)|nano]]''
 +  * ''[[wp>Zile (editor)|zile]]''
 +  * ''[[wp>mg (editor)|mg]]''
 +  * 还有好多其他的文本编辑器在OpenWrt的软件库里:-)
 +  * 你安装好vim之后得重启设备才能让它正常工作。
 ===== Scripting language ===== ===== Scripting language =====
 +===== 脚本语言 =====
 OpenWrt uses [[https://www.busybox.net/BusyBox.html | busybox's]] ash shell by default, which is in most parts //[[wp>POSIX]]// conform. Visit //[[wp>shell script]]// for general Information about shell scripts. OpenWrt uses [[https://www.busybox.net/BusyBox.html | busybox's]] ash shell by default, which is in most parts //[[wp>POSIX]]// conform. Visit //[[wp>shell script]]// for general Information about shell scripts.
  
 +**中文翻译**:OpenWrt默认使用 [[https://www.busybox.net/BusyBox.html | busybox's]]ash命令行控制台软件,这个软件比较符合 //[[wp>POSIX]]// 规则。访问//[[wp>shell script]]//了解一般的控制台脚本的信息。
 ===== Executing shell scripts ===== ===== Executing shell scripts =====
 +===== 执行命令行控制台脚本文件 =====
 Shell scripts can be executed with: Shell scripts can be executed with:
 +
 +**中文翻译**:控制台脚本可以像下面这么执行:
  
 ''sh /path/to/script.sh'' ''sh /path/to/script.sh''
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 After changing the executable bit its also possible to run it without the sh in front: After changing the executable bit its also possible to run it without the sh in front:
  
 +**中文翻译**:如果修改了文件属性里的执行位,也可以达到不加sh就能执行的目的:
 +  *为文件添加可直接执行的属性
 <code> <code>
 chmod +x /path/to/script.sh chmod +x /path/to/script.sh
 +</code>
 +
 +  *直接访问并执行文件
 +<code>
 /path/to/script.sh /path/to/script.sh
 </code> </code>
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 ===== File Managers ===== ===== File Managers =====
 +===== 文件管理器 =====
 You may also want to try ''[[wp>Midnight Commander|mc]]'' or ''[[wp>Demos Commander|deco]]''. You may also want to try ''[[wp>Midnight Commander|mc]]'' or ''[[wp>Demos Commander|deco]]''.
 +
 +**中文翻译**:你可以使用[[wp>Midnight Commander|mc]]命令,或者[[wp>Demos Commander|deco]]命令来管理文件。(译者注:这两个软件都需要单独安装,另外mc对中文比较友好)
  
  
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 ===== Further Help ===== ===== Further Help =====
 +===== 更多帮助信息 =====
   * [[https://wiki.debian.org/CommandLineInterface]]   * [[https://wiki.debian.org/CommandLineInterface]]
   * [[http://linuxcommand.org/tlcl.php]] ---- William Shotts free pdf books starting from terminal basics   * [[http://linuxcommand.org/tlcl.php]] ---- William Shotts free pdf books starting from terminal basics
  
 +===== 翻译信息 =====
 +LongGenxing  20191101 第一次翻译
 +xiu          20201110 修正了两处错别字
  • Last modified: 2021/01/29 12:19
  • by lujimmy