OpenWrt Buildroot – 使用手順
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前提条件
- OpenWrt Buildrootおよび前提パッケージ をOSにインストールします。
手順
1. 作業は全てnon-root ユーザーで行ってください。 2. Issue all commands in the <buildroot dir> directory, e.g. ~/openwrt/trunk/ |
- Update OpenWrt sources.
- Update and install package feeds.
- Configure the build.
- Start the build. This will automatically compile toolchain, cross-compile sources, package packages, and finally generate an image ready to be flashed.
- Proceed to Installing OpenWrt
ソースコードのアップデート
Update sources:
svn update
- OpenWrt sources change frequently. It is recommended that you work with the latest sources.
ソフトウェア・フィーズのアップデート
Update feeds:
./scripts/feeds update -a
Install the downloaded packages: (Optional)
To install individual packages:
./scripts/feeds install <PACKAGENAME>
Alternatively, to build the entire package tree:
./scripts/feeds install -a
WARNING This will take a very long time and is unnecessary unless you plan on rolling out a package repository for your build.
Image Configuration
Start OpenWrt Buildroot's ncurses text-based configuration interface:
make menuconfig
Similar to the Linux kernel config, almost every option has three choices, y / m / n which are represented as follows: * `` (pressing `y`) This package will be included in the firmware image * `` (pressing `m`) This package will be compiled (to be installed with opkg after Flashing OpenWrt) but the package will not be included in the firmware-image * `` (pressing `n`) This package will not be compiled When you save your configuration the file ~/openwrt/trunk/.config will be created according to your configuration. The devs offer such a file for OpenWrt 'Backfire' 10.03.1-RC5, e.g. for ar71xx. |
- This menu allows you to select the target platform, which version of toolchain you want to use to build and what packages you want included in the firmware image.
- Run this configuration interface after updating sources and feeds to ensure that the latest packages are included in your configuration.
Defconfig
select your target before issuing defconfig
make defconfig
will produce a general purpose configuration of the build system including a check of dependencies and prerequisites for the build environment etc
will check for dependencies. Install missing and run again.
全体の設定
Menuconfig
has a TUI, which handles the selection of the target, packages to be compiled, packages to be included in the firmware file, some kernel options etc.
make menuconfig
This will update the dependencies of your existing configuration automatically and you can now proceed to build your updated images.
It has from the beginning on been the intention, with the development of 'menuconfig', to create a simple yet powerful environment for the configuration of individual OpenWrt images. Menuconfig is more or less self-explanatory, and even the most specialized configuration needs can be solved with its help. Depending on the the particular target platform, package requirements and kernel module needs, the standard process of configuration will include modifying:
- Target system
- Package selection
- Build system settings
- Kernel modules
Target system is selected from the extensive list of supported platforms, with the numerous target profiles – ranging from specific devices to generic profiles, all depending on the particular device at hand. Package selection has the option of either 'selecting all package', which might be un-practical in certain situation, or relying on the default set of packages will be adequate or make an individual selection. It is here needed to mention that some package combinations might break the build process, so it can take some experimentation before the expected result is reached. Added to this, the OpenWrt developers are themselves only maintaining a smaller set of packages – which includes all default packages – but, the feeds-script makes it very simple to handle a locally maintained set of packages and integrate them in the build-process.
You have three option at most:
- < > the source code will not be processed
- <M> the source code of the package will be crosscompiled into binaries and a opkg package will be built and placed in
/buildsystem/bla/bla/bla
, but the ImageGenerator will not put it onto the Firmware-Image! - <*> that the package will built into the firmware (on the SqashFS partition)
The final step before the process of compiling the intended image(s) is to exit 'menuconfig' – this also includes the option to save a specific configuration or load an already existing, and pre-configured, version.
Exit the TUI, and choose to save
your settings.
カーネル設定
While you won't typically need to do this, you can do it:
make kernel_menuconfig
Note that make kernel_menuconfig
modifies the Kernel configuration templates of the build tree, clearing the build_dir will not revert them.
The changes can be reviewed with svn diff target/linux/
and reverted with svn revert -R target/linux/
.
ソースコードのミラーサイト
The 'Build system settings' include some efficient options for changing package locations which makes it easy to handle a local package set:
- Local mirror for source packages
- Download folder
In the case of the first option, you simply enter a full URL to the web or ftp server on which the package sources are hosted. Download folder would in the same way be the path to a local folder on the build system (or network). If you have a web/ftp-server hosting the tarballs, the OpenWrt build system will try this one before trying to download from the location(s) mentioned in the Makefiles . Similar if a local 'download folder', residing on the build system, has been specified.
The 'Kernel modules' option is required if you need specific (non-standard) drivers and so forth – this would typically be things like modules for USB or particular network interface drivers etc.
Custom files
In many cases, you may want to have a custom image that has been pre-configured to your link. If so, place your custom files in
<buildroot dir>/package/base-files/files/
For example, let's say that you want an image with a pre-configured /etc/config/firewall
, then place your modified firewall config in here:
<buildroot dir>/package/base-files/files/etc/config/
ファームウェアイメージの作成
Everything is now ready for building the image(s), which is done with one single command:
make
This simple command will trigger a cascade of activity. As already stated, it will
- compile the toolchain
- then crosscompile the sources with this toolchain
- create opkg-packages
- create a firmware image file ready to be flashed.
Make オプション
マルチコアCPU上でのビルド
The build process can be accelerated by running multiple concurrent job processes using the -j
-option:
make -j 3
- Use the standard formula
<your number of CPUs + 1>
- If this produces random build errors try compiling again without the
-j
-option
バックグラウンドでのビルド
If you intend to use your system while building, you can have the build process use only idle I/O and CPU capacity like this (dualcore CPU):
ionice -c 3 nice -n 20 make -j 2
単一のパッケージのみをビルドする
When developing or packaging software for OpenWrt, it is convenient to be able to build only the package in question (e.g. with package cups
):
make package/cups/compile V=99
For the package mc (midnight commander)
, which is contained the feed packages it looks like this:
make package/feeds/packages/mc/compile v=99
Spotting build errors
If for some reason the build fails, the easiest way to spot the error is to do:
make V=99 2>&1 | tee build.log | grep -i error
The above saves a full verbose copy of the build output (with stdout piped to stderr) in /openwrt/trunk/build.log
and only shows errors on the screen.
Another example:
ionice -c 3 nice -n 20 make -j 2 V=99 CONFIG_DEBUG_SECTION_MISMATCH=y 2>&1 | tee build.log | egrep -i '(warn|error)'
yet another one:
somthing something screen
The above saves a full verbose copy of the build output (with stdout piped to stderr) in build.log and outputs only warnings and errors while building using only background resources on a dual core CPU.
beep音通知を使用する
Depending on your CPU, the process will take a while, or while longer. If you want an acoustic notification, you could use echo -e '\a
':
make V=99 ; echo -e '\a'
ファームウェアイメージの保存場所
After a successful build, the freshly built image(s) can be found in the newly created /openwrt/trunk/bin
directory.
cd ~/openwrt/trunk/bin ls */
クリーンアップ
You might need to clean your build environment every now and then. The following make
-targets are useful for that job:
Clean
make clean
deletes contents of bin
and build_dir
directories.
Dirclean
make dirclean
deletes contents of /bin
and /build_dir
directories and additionally /staging_dir
and /toolchain
(=the cross-compile tools). 'Dirclean' is your basic “Full clean” operation.
Distclean
make distclean
nukes everything you have compiled or configured and also deletes all downloaded feeds contents and package sources.
CAUTION: In addition to all else, this will erase your build configuration (.config), your toolchain and all other sources. Use with care!
There are numerous other functionalities in the OpenWrt build system, but the above should have covered some of the fundamentals.
例
トラブルシューティング
First get more information on the problem using the make option “make V=99”.
- Missing source code file, due to download problems.
First check if the URL path in the make file contains a trailing slash, then try with it removed (helped several times). Otherwise try to download the source code manually and put it into “dl” directory
- Compilation errors.
Try to update the main source and all the feeds (Warning! May result in other problems). Check for a related bug in (TRAC), use the filters to find it. Otherwise report the problem there, by mentioning the package, the target data (CPU, image, etc.) and the code revisions (main & package). Compiling with make -j ... sometimes gives random errors. Try compiling without -j first before reporting the problem.
- Bad environment variables.
GREP_OPTIONS
should not have--initial-tab
or other options affecting its outputSED
should not be set. If it is, run `unset SED` before compiling. (See Ticket 10612.)