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docs:user-guide:storage:usb-drives-quickstart [2018/02/17 16:45] – ↷ Page moved from docs:user-guide:storage:storage:usb-drives-quickstart to docs:user-guide:storage:usb-drives-quickstart bobafetthotmaildocs:guide-user:storage:usb-drives-quickstart [2020/09/23 22:11] – corrected typo in a command jhench
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-=====Quick Start for Adding a USB drive=====+====== Quick Start for Adding a USB drive ======
  
-Many useful LEDE utilities and packages rely on external storage to hold data files.  +**The Goal:** This guide describes how to add a single USB stick or drive to your OpenWrt device. The result will be a USB drive with an **ext4** file system and mounted at **/mnt/sdXX** (where //sdXX// is the name of the USB)
-This guide describes how to add a single USB stick or drive to your LEDE device. +
  
-**Requirements:**+This is all you'll need for most purposes, however, there are plenty of options described below.
  
-  * Your LEDE device must have at least 8 MB Flash. Lower capacity devices will not be able to hold the required packages. +/* Moved NOTES down to the bottom... */ 
-  * This procedure will work for the //first// USB device installed in the router. To add more drives, see the  [[docs:user-guide:storage:usb-drives| full USB Drive tutorial]] + 
-  * This procedure **WILL ERASE THE USB DRIVE**. Copy any data you care about to another destination. +===== Requirements ===== 
 + 
 +  * Your device/router itself must have at least 8 MB Flash. Lower capacity devices will not be able to hold the required packages. 
 +  * You can add USB drive of any capacity
 +  * This procedure **WILL ERASE THE USB DRIVE** (unless you stop at step 5 and just want to mount a preformated drive). Copy any data you care about to another destination. 
   * This quickstart requires you to [[docs:guide-quick-start:sshadministration | ssh into the router.]]   * This quickstart requires you to [[docs:guide-quick-start:sshadministration | ssh into the router.]]
  
-**Procedure:**+===== Procedure ===== 
 + 
 +1. Use your **laptop/desktop computer** to format your USB device. Use the default name and format options. This prepares the USB drive for the process below, which will erase those settings (again). //WarningThis initial formatting will erase the entire USB drive.//  
 + 
 +2. [[docs:guide-quick-start:sshadministration | SSH into the router]] and enter the following commands into the SSH window. ++More...| The [[docs:guide-quick-start:sshadministration | SSH Access for Newcomers]] page tells how to install and use a terminal emulator on your computer.++ 
 + 
 +3. Get the required packages: ++More...|You may see error messages about installing kmod-usb3 on certain routers. These can be ignored since the hardware may not support USB3.++ 
 +<code>opkg update && opkg install block-mount e2fsprogs kmod-fs-ext4 kmod-usb-storage kmod-usb2 kmod-usb3</code> 
 + 
 +4. Enter '' ls -al /dev/sd* '' to show the name of all attached USB devices. The list may be empty if there are no USB devices.   ++More...|**/dev/sda** is the first USB device; **/dev/sdb** is the second, and so on. **/dev/sda1** is the first partition on the first device; **/dev/sda2** is the second partition, etc.++ 
 + 
 +5. Insert the USB drive into your router. Enter '' ls -al /dev/sd* '' again, and this time you should see a new **/dev/sdXX** device. **sdXX** is the //device name// of your new USB device. 
 +    root@OpenWrt:~# ls -al /dev/sd* 
 +    brw-------    1 root     root        8,   0 Feb  4 15:13 /dev/sda 
 +    brw-------    1 root     root        8,   1 Feb  4 14:06 /dev/sda1 
 + 
 +/* Thanks for contributing the "temporary experiment" language.  */ 
 +/* I moved it down to preserve this as a no-options, "Just Do This" guide. */ 
 +/*  -richb-hanover */ 
 + 
 +6. Make an ext4 filesystem on the USB device using the device name you just discovered. **Note:** Be certain you enter the proper device name - this step will completely erase the device. ++More...|This command creates an ext4 file system on the first partition of the first USB device - /dev/sda1.++ 
 +<code>mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1</code> 
 + 
 +7. Create the fstab config file based on all the block devices found. ++More...|This command writes the current state of all block devices, including USB drives, into the '' /etc/config/fstab '' file.++ 
 +<code>block detect | uci import fstab</code> 
 + 
 +8. Update the fstab config file to mount all drives at startup. ++More...|**/dev/sda** is mount[0], **/dev/sdb** is mount[1], etc. If you have more than one USB device attached, substitute the proper index (0 or 1 or ...) as needed. This command mounts all drives - named or anonymous.++ 
 +<code>uci set fstab.@mount[0].enabled='1' && uci set fstab.@global[0].anon_mount='1' && uci commit fstab</code> 
 + 
 +9. Mount the device. ++More...|Automount is enabled on boot.++ 
 +<code>/etc/init.d/fstab boot</code> 
 + 
 +10. **You're done!** This procedure has mounted the drive at **/mnt/sdXX** (whatever the device name was.) The drive is ready to save data at that part of the filesystem. 
  
-  - Connect the USB stick/disk to the router. 
-  - [[docs:guide-quick-start:sshadministration | SSH into the router.]] 
-  - Enter the following commands by copying and pasting //each separate line// below. 
  
- # Copy/paste each line below, then press Return +===== More Details =====
- opkg update && opkg install block-mount e2fsprogs kmod-fs-ext4 kmod-usb3 kmod-usb2 kmod-usb-storage +
- mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 +
- block detect > /etc/config/fstab  +
- uci set fstab.@mount[0].enabled='1' && uci set fstab.@global[0].check_fs='1' && uci commit  +
- service fstab start && service fstab enable+
  
-The drive will be mounted at **/mnt/sda1** You can change the mount point in the web interface, in **System** -> **Mount Points**.+More information about this procedure and about USB drives:
  
-If you want more information about this procedure,  +  * You can change the mount point in the web interface, in **System** -> **Mount Points** menu. 
-or you want to add or configure more than a single USB drive +  * The [[docs:guide-user:storage:usb-drives| full USB Drive tutorial]] has much more about USB drives. 
-see the [[docs:user-guide:storage:usb-drivesfull USB Drive tutorial ]].+  * If you have a memory limited router (say with 4MBytes Flash internal storage), and want to be able to install more packagesyou should instead read the [[docs:guide-user:additional-software:extroot_configuration|Extroot Configuration]] page. 
 +  * For NTFS disks, refer to [[docs:guide-user:storage:writable_ntfs|Writable NTFS]] 
 +  * Look at the [[docs/guide-user/storage/fstab|fstab documentation]] to configure from the command line 
 +  * This Forum article also has a lot of background information: [[https://forum.openwrt.org/t/more-on-usb-drive-installation/30695/2]] 
 +  * If you just want to temporarily mount the drive (say, for testing), you can simply enter: '' mkdir /tmp/MyDrive; mount /dev/sda1 /tmp/MyDrive'' Note that, as of OpenWRT v18, the Ext4 file system will be autodetected. After finishing the test reading/writing the drive: '' umount /tmp/MyDrive'' 
  
  • Last modified: 2024/11/21 18:29
  • by palebloodsky