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docs:guide-user:services:dns:unbound [2018/07/09 06:03] – add hint to DNS over TLS ericluehrsen1docs:guide-user:services:dns:unbound [2021/02/27 10:23] – Added link to forum for WIP How to for Snapshot doppel-d
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-====== Unbound ====== +======= Unbound =======
 [[https://www.unbound.net/|Unbound]] is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver. The C implementation of Unbound is developed and maintained by [[https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/|NLnet Labs]]. [[https://www.unbound.net/|Unbound]] is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver. The C implementation of Unbound is developed and maintained by [[https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/|NLnet Labs]].
  
-OpenWrt uses Dnsmasq for DNS forwarding (and DHCP serving). This works well for many cases. Dependence on the upstream resolver can be cause for concern. It is often provided by the ISP, and some users have switched to public DNS providers. Either way can result in problems due to performance, hijacking, trustworthiness, or several other reasons. Running a recursive resolver is a solution. +OpenWrt base install uses Dnsmasq for DNS forwarding (and DHCP serving). This works well for many cases. Dependence on the upstream resolver can be cause for concern. It is often provided by the ISP, and some users have switched to public DNS providers. Either way can result in problems due to performance, hijacking, trustworthiness, or several other reasons. Running a recursive resolver is a solution.
- +
-Releases [[releases:17.01:start|LEDE 17.01]] and [[releases:18.06:start|OpenWrt 18.06 rc1]] have UCI and LuCI for Unbound with features that may be familiar. "How To" are available for integration with either dnsmasq or odhcpd. "How To" are available to configure Unbound as forwarding client of DNS over TLS. These can be found on GitHub within [[https://github.com/openwrt/packages|openwrt/packages]] in Unbound pacakge [[https://github.com/openwrt/packages/blob/master/net/unbound/files/README.md|README]]. +
- +
- +
-===== Unbound with Dnsmasq on Chaos Calmer ===== +
- +
-The remainder of this page describes how to setup Unbound combined with [[http://www.thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/doc.html|Dnsmasq]] for local name and address resolution on [[releases:15.05:start|OpenWrt Chaos Calmer]] (15.05.1). There are two examples. Example 1 puts dnsmasq and Unbound in serial configuration, so dnsmasq responds to all queries on #53 and operates almost in default configuration but treats Unbound as the upstream resolver. Example 1 will be preferred by most due to its simplicity. Example 2 puts Unbound and dnsmasq in parallel, so Unbound responds to all queries on #53, but hands off local domain to dnsmasq. Example 2 may reduce lookup delays in heavy use systems, but is more complex to configure. +
- +
- +
-===== Prerequisites ===== +
- +
-The following steps assume that OpenWrt has been installed on a device and +
-configured as desired, including the network configuration. +
- +
-The later steps require accessing the device using a terminal.   +
- +
-Note in examples that the choice of local host port 53535 is arbitrary. Similar tutorials often use 5353 or 5355 (which can conflict with MDNS). Adjust as desired. +
- +
- +
-===== Example 1 - Serial, dnsmasq first and Unbound second ===== +
- +
-This should be the preferred configuration for MOST people for several reasons: 1) it's simpler to troubleshoot, 2) the configuration is easier, 3) It's faster for local resolution, 4) better for adblocking (dnsmasq has simpler syntax). It puts dnsmasq at port 53, and unbound at 53535. As before, you will need to install unbound by first updating the package list via luci or ''opkg update'', then ''opkg install unbound'', and if you want, ''opkg install luci-app-unbound'' +
- +
- +
-==== /etc/unbound/unbound.conf ==== +
-You can use the default package install configuration for Unbound (small memory), and you only need to change ''port: 53535'' option. In such configuration Unbound will recurs the global DNS system, but with a lot of users, it could stress a small router. The remaining Unbound example here uses ssl for upstream servers. If you want to use ''8.8.8.8'' or other non-tls server, then you need to comment out the ''ssl-upstream: yes'' line. Adjust as needed. +
- +
-  server: +
-    port: 53535 +
-    access-control: 10.0.0.0/8 allow +
-    access-control: 127.0.0.0/8 allow +
-    access-control: 192.168.0.0/16 allow +
-    cache-max-ttl: 14400 +
-    cache-min-ttl: 900 +
-    do-tcp: yes +
-    hide-identity: yes +
-    hide-version: yes +
-    interface: 0.0.0.0 +
-    minimal-responses: yes +
-    prefetch: yes +
-    qname-minimisation: yes +
-    rrset-roundrobin: yes +
-    ssl-upstream: yes +
-    use-caps-for-id: yes +
-    verbosity: 1 +
-    do-ip4: yes +
-    do-ip6: no +
-    outgoing-port-permit: "10240-65335" +
-    outgoing-range: 60 +
-    num-queries-per-thread: 30 +
-    msg-buffer-size: 8192 +
-    infra-cache-numhosts: 200 +
-    msg-cache-size: 100k +
-    rrset-cache-size: 100k +
-    key-cache-size: 100k +
-    neg-cache-size: 10k +
-    target-fetch-policy: "2 1 0 0 0 0" +
-    harden-large-queries: yes +
-    harden-short-bufsize: yes +
-     +
-  forward-zone: +
-    name: "." +
-    forward-addr: 9.9.9.9@853         # quad9.net primary +
-    forward-addr: 149.112.112.112@853 # quad9.net secondary +
- +
- +
-==== /etc/config/dnsmasq ==== +
-There are TWO changes being made to dnsmasq: 1) add a server option to point to unbound at ''127.0.0.1#53535'', and to ignore whatever's in ''/etc/resolv.conf'' using ''option noresolv 1'': +
- +
-        option domainneeded '1' +
-        option boguspriv '1' +
-        option localise_queries '1' +
-        option rebind_protection '1' +
-        option rebind_localhost '1' +
-        option local '/lan/' +
-        option domain 'lan' +
-        option expandhosts '1' +
-        option authoritative '1' +
-        option readethers '1' +
-        option leasefile '/tmp/dhcp.leases' +
-        option resolvfile '/tmp/resolv.conf.auto' +
-        option localservice '1' +
-        # The following redirects dns to unbound +
-        option noresolv '1' +
-        list server '127.0.0.1#53535' +
- +
-==== OPTIONAL for adblocking:/etc/dnsmasq.conf ==== +
-If you want adblocking, dnsmasq accepts wildcards which is better than hosts files because you can cover an entire domain with one line. So: here we point dnsmasq to get our blacklists from the adblock folder. Thus, unbound NEVER has to resolve ad servers. Replace ''192.168.1.1'' with the LAN address of your router if different. See the dnsmasq for an explanation of these options if unsure. +
- +
-  listen-address=127.0.0.1,192.168.1.1 +
-  bind-interfaces +
-  conf-dir=/etc/adblock/,*.conf +
- +
-You will need to add your blacklist files to the ''/etc/adblock'' folder. These files would contain, for example, lines like ''address=/.adserver.com/0.0.0.0''. Many adblock list sites will create these dnsmasq-specific blacklist files for you, and in the proper format to be placed in this folder. If the adlist ops to use 'server=' instead of ''address='', then replace with ''address=''. ''server='' redirects address lookups, whereas ''address='' simply serves up the address. +
- +
- +
-===== Example 2 - Parallel, Unbound primary and dnsmasq only local  ===== +
- +
-This example directs dns queries to unbound first, then to dnsmasq if local using 'stub zones'. The installation and configuration instructions below are written in the form of a shell script for precision and clarity to a technical audience. The script can be saved and executed, although it is recommended to run commands and make edits individually both for better understanding and because the script is written to favor readability and clarity of instruction at the cost of thorough error handling and robustness. +
- +
-  #!/bin/sh +
-  # Steps to configure unbound on OpenWrt with dnsmasq for dynamic DNS +
-  # Note:  Clarity of instruction is favored over script speed or robustness. +
-  #        It is not idempotent. +
-   +
-  # Show commands as executed, error out on failure or undefined variables +
-  set -eux +
-   +
-  # Note the local domain (Network -> DHCP & DNS -> General Settings) +
-  lan_domain=$(uci get 'dhcp.@dnsmasq[0].domain'+
-   +
-  # Note the LAN network address (Network -> Interfaces -> LAN -> IPv4 address) +
-  lan_address=$(uci get network.lan.ipaddr) +
-   +
-  # Update the package list (System -> Software -> Update lists) +
-  opkg update +
-   +
-  # Install unbound (System -> Software -> Find package: unbound -> Install) +
-  opkg install unbound # Ignore error that it can't listen on port 53 +
-   +
-  # Move dnsmasq to port 53535 where it will still serve local DNS from DHCP +
-  # Network -> DHCP & DNS -> Advanced Settings -> DNS server port to 53535 +
-  uci set 'dhcp.@dnsmasq[0].port=53535' +
-   +
-  # Configure dnsmasq to send a DNS Server DHCP option with its LAN IP +
-  # since it does not do this by default when port is configured. +
-  uci add_list "dhcp.lan.dhcp_option=option:dns-server,$lan_address" +
-   +
-  # Save & Apply (will restart dnsmasq, DNS unreachable until unbound is up) +
-  uci commit +
-   +
-  # Allow unbound to query dnsmasq on the loopback address +
-  # by adding 'do-not-query-localhost: no' to server section +
-  sed -i '/^server:/a\ do-not-query-localhost: no' /etc/unbound/unbound.conf +
-   +
-  # Convert the network address to a Reverse DNS domain +
-  # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_DNS_lookup +
-  case $(uci get network.lan.netmask) in +
-      255.255.255.0) ip_to_rdns='\3.\2.\1.in-addr.arpa' ;; +
-      255.255.0.0) ip_to_rdns='\2.\1.in-addr.arpa' ;; +
-      255.0.0.0) ip_to_rdns='\1.in-addr.arpa' ;; +
-      *) echo 'More complex rDNS configuration required.' >&2 ; exit 1 ;; +
-  esac +
-  lan_rdns_domain=$(echo "$lan_address" | \ +
-      sed -E "s/^([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)$/$ip_to_rdns/"+
-   +
-  # Check if the local addresses are in a private address range (very common) +
-  case "$lan_address" in +
-      0.*) ip_to_priv_rdns='0.in-addr.arpa.' ;; +
-      10.*) ip_to_priv_rdns='10.in-addr.arpa.' ;; +
-      169.254.*) ip_to_priv_rdns='254.169.in-addr.arpa.' ;; +
-      172.1[6-9].*|172.2[0-9].*|172.3[0-1].*) ip_to_priv_rdns='\2.172.in-addr.arpa.' ;; +
-      192.0.2.*) ip_to_priv_rdns='2.0.192.in-addr.arpa.' ;; +
-      192.168.*) ip_to_priv_rdns='168.192.in-addr.arpa.' ;; +
-      198.51.100.*) ip_to_priv_rdns='100.51.198.in-addr.arpa.' ;; +
-      203.0.113.*) ip_to_priv_rdns='113.0.203.in-addr.arpa.' ;; +
-  esac +
-  if [ -n "${ip_to_priv_rdns-}" ] ; then +
-      # Disable default "does not exist" reply for private address ranges +
-      # by adding 'local-zone "$lan_domain" nodefault' to server section +
-      # Note that this must be on RFC 1918/5735/5737 boundary, +
-      # this is only equal to $lan_rdns_domain when netmask covers whole range. +
-      lan_priv_rdns_domain=$(echo "$lan_address" | \ +
-          sed -E "s/^([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)$/$ip_to_priv_rdns/"+
-      sed -i "/^server:/a\ local-zone: \"$lan_priv_rdns_domain\" nodefault" +
-          /etc/unbound/unbound.conf +
-  fi +
-   +
-  # Ignore DNSSEC chain of trust for the local domain +
-  # by adding 'domain-insecure: "$lan_domain"' to server section +
-  sed -i "/^server:/a\ domain-insecure: \"$lan_domain\"" /etc/unbound/unbound.conf +
-   +
-  # Ignore DNSSEC chain of trust for the local reverse domain +
-  # by adding 'domain-insecure: "$lan_rdns_domain"' to server section +
-  sed -i "/^server:/a\ domain-insecure: \"$lan_rdns_domain\"" /etc/unbound/unbound.conf +
-   +
-  # Add a stub zone to dnsmasq for the local domain to the unbound configuration +
-  cat >> /etc/unbound/unbound.conf <<DNS_STUB_ZONE +
-  stub-zone: +
-  name: "$lan_domain" +
-  stub-addr: 127.0.0.1@53535 +
-  DNS_STUB_ZONE +
-   +
-  # Add a stub zone to dnsmasq for the local reverse domain to unbound.conf +
-  cat >> /etc/unbound/unbound.conf <<RDNS_STUB_ZONE +
-  stub-zone: +
-  name: "$lan_rdns_domain" +
-  stub-addr: 127.0.0.1@53535 +
-  RDNS_STUB_ZONE +
-   +
-  # Optionally enable DNS Rebinding protection by uncommenting private-address +
-  # configuration and adding 'private-domain: "$lan_domain"' to server section +
-  sed -E -i \ +
-      -e 's/(# )?private-address:/private-address:/'+
-      -e "/^server:/a\ private-domain: \"$lan_domain\""+
-      /etc/unbound/unbound.conf +
-   +
-  # Restart (or start) unbound (System -> Startup -> unbound -> Restart) +
-  /etc/init.d/unbound restart +
- +
-The resulting configuration (with defaults and comments removed) should look +
-something like: +
- +
-  server: +
-  do-not-query-localhost: no +
-  domain-insecure: "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" +
-  domain-insecure: "example.local" +
-  local-zone: "168.192.in-addr.arpa." nodefault +
-  private-address: 10.0.0.0/+
-  private-address: 169.254.0.0/16 +
-  private-address: 172.16.0.0/12 +
-  private-address: 192.168.0.0/16 +
-  private-address: fd00::/8 +
-  private-address: fe80::/10 +
-  private-domain: "example.local" +
-   +
-  stub-zone: +
-  name: "example.local" +
-  stub-addr: 127.0.0.1@53535 +
-   +
-  stub-zone: +
-  name: "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" +
-  stub-addr: 127.0.0.1@53535 +
- +
- +
-===== Troubleshooting ===== +
- +
-After completing the above steps, DNS should be working for both local and +
-global addresses.  If not, here are some suggested troubleshooting steps: +
- +
-Resolution can be attempted from the OpenWrt system by running +
-''nslookup openwrt.org 127.0.0.1'' and +
-''nslookup openwrt.org 127.0.0.1:53535''+
-Unfortunately, the nslookup output does not distinguish between no response and +
-a negative response, which significantly reduces its usefulness for debugging. +
-A much more powerful lookup tool is DiG from the +
-''bind-dig'' package.  To use it run +
-''dig openwrt.org @127.0.0.1'', add ''-p 53535'' to query +
-the Dnsmasq port, or add ''-x'' with an IP in place of the domain to +
-do a reverse lookup. +
- +
-==== No Response ==== +
- +
-If Unbound is not responding to any request, try restarting the service with +
-''/etc/init.d/unbound restart'' and checking the system log for +
-errors ''logread | tail''+
- +
-==== Negative Response for Local Only ==== +
- +
-If the local domain or addresses result in negative responses, check that they +
-are resolved correctly by Dnsmasq on port 53535.  If so, check that the domain +
-appears in ''domain-insecure'', ''local-zone'' (which may be a suffix and must +
-match a predefined zone), and as a ''name'' in ''stub-zone''+
- +
-==== Failures for DNSSEC-Secured Domains ====+
  
-If domains which use DNSSEC fail to resolve while other domains work, check that the system time is correct Time skew can cause validation failures If the time is incorrect, check the [[docs:guide-user:services:ntp:client-server|NTP client configuration]].+Releases [[releases:17.01:start|LEDE 17.01]] and [[releases:18.06:start|OpenWrt 18.06]] have included UCI/LuCI for the Unbound [[https://github.com/openwrt/packages|package]] and complete documentation in its README. 
 +The UCI/LuCI features should be familiar to those that have tweaked dnsmasq in the past. 
 +"How To" are available for integration with either dnsmasq or odhcpd. 
 +"How To" are available to configure Unbound as forwarding client of DoT.
  
-===== Further Additions =====+DNS over TLS is fully supported with Unbound configuration helpers in UCI and LuCI. **You should be able to find it all in the README.** You can manage zone recursion, zone forward, and zone transfer preferences. These are present in a form similar to how the firewall pin point rules work. You may forward specific domains to specific DNS servers with or without TLS. This may be useful where you need location specific resolution for ISP colocated services such as is often done by Google (www.youtube.com by 8.8.8.8), but wish to have a private DNS like CloudFlare (1.1.1.1) mask location while resolving general look-ups. 
 +WIP "How To" for Snapshot on the [[https://forum.openwrt.org/t/dns-privacy-aka-dns-over-tls-for-openwrt-updated-w-bonus-videos-for-setup-and-verification/89772|forum]]
  
-==== IPv6 ====+Documentation: 
 +  * [[https://github.com/openwrt/packages/tree/lede-17.01/net/unbound/files/README.md|README for Unbound 1.6.8 @ LEDE 17.01]] 
 +  * [[https://github.com/openwrt/packages/tree/openwrt-18.06/net/unbound/files/README.md|README for Unbound 1.10.1 @ OpenWrt 18.06]] 
 +  * [[https://github.com/openwrt/packages/tree/openwrt-19.07/net/unbound/files/README.md|README for Unbound 1.10.1 @ OpenWrt 19.07]] 
 +  * [[https://github.com/openwrt/packages/tree/master/net/unbound/files/README.md|README for Unbound @ OpenWrt Snapshot]]
  
-It is relatively straightforward to extend the above configuration for IPv6Forward resolution (from local domain to IPv6 address) does not require any +Note there are significant options enhancements from 18.06 to 19.07 including UCI/LuCI for TLS.
-additional changes to Unbound, although it may require configuration changes to Dnsmasq See [[docs:guide-user:network:ipv6:ipv6.dns|IPv6 DNS]].+
  
-To configure reverse DNS for IPv6:  Determine the rDNS domain from the IPv6 address prefix by reversing the nibbles and appending ".ip6.arpa", add ''domain-insecure: $lan6_rdns_domain'', ''local-zone: $lan6_rdns_domain nodefault'' if it is in a private range (be sure to use a [[https://www.unbound.net/documentation/unbound.conf.html|preconfigured range]]), and add ''stub-zone'' with ''name: "$lan6_rdns_domain"'' in the same way as ''$lan_rdns_domain'' above. 
  • Last modified: 2021/03/02 17:13
  • by doppel-d