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docs:guide-user:network:switch_router_gateway_and_nat [2020/03/30 22:44] – Added link in the table to #device_as_double-nat_router_with_dual-stack_lite leeand00docs:guide-user:network:switch_router_gateway_and_nat [2020/12/07 07:05] – [Switch vs Router vs Gateway] update links vgaetera
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 Network devices can operate in 3 different modes: Network devices can operate in 3 different modes:
  
-**[[docs:guide-user:network:openwrt_as_clientdevice|OpenWrt as Client Device - Connecting the device to an existing network]]**\\+**[[docs:guide-user:network:openwrt_as_clientdevice|OpenWrt as client device]]**\\
 If you want to connect your device to an existing network to provide additional functions (for example, you just want to use the Wi-Fi network it provides, the additional ethernet ports, or the device is a NAS serving files over the network, or a mini-server offering some other service). If you want to connect your device to an existing network to provide additional functions (for example, you just want to use the Wi-Fi network it provides, the additional ethernet ports, or the device is a NAS serving files over the network, or a mini-server offering some other service).
  
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 There is a range of options to connect the upstream side of OpenWrt to your existing home network. Each option tries to work around the double NAT problem with different technical tricks or configuration: There is a range of options to connect the upstream side of OpenWrt to your existing home network. Each option tries to work around the double NAT problem with different technical tricks or configuration:
 +
 +====== Routers / Gateways ======
  
 ^NAT ^ Usage variant ^ Visualization ^ ^NAT ^ Usage variant ^ Visualization ^
-| double | [[#openwrt_as_cascaded_router_behind_another_router_double_nat|OpenWrt as router acting in default cascaded router double-NAT configuration]] | clients <-> OpenWrt router with NAT <-> ISP router with NAT <-> Internet | 
 | single | [[#device_as_router_internet_isp_device_as_modem-bridge|OpenWrt as router and having an internet ISP device configured as modem-bridge]] | clients <-> OpenWrt router with NAT <-> ISP bridge (no NAT) <-> Internet | | single | [[#device_as_router_internet_isp_device_as_modem-bridge|OpenWrt as router and having an internet ISP device configured as modem-bridge]] | clients <-> OpenWrt router with NAT <-> ISP bridge (no NAT) <-> Internet |
 +| single | [[#device_as_router_as_exposed_host_in_the_isp_router|OpenWrt as router, OpenWrt router being "exposed host" in the ISP router]] | clients <-> OpenWrt router with NAT <-> ISP router with NAT + "exposed host" feature <-> Internet |
 +| double | [[#openwrt_as_cascaded_router_behind_another_router_double_nat|OpenWrt as router acting in default cascaded router double-NAT configuration]] | clients <-> OpenWrt router with NAT <-> ISP router with NAT <-> Internet |
 | double | [[#device_as_double-nat_router_with_dual-stack_lite|OpenWrt as router in double-NAT configuration with Dualstack Lite on ISP side]] | clients <-> OpenWrt router with NAT <-> ISP router with DS-Lite NAT <-> Internet | | double | [[#device_as_double-nat_router_with_dual-stack_lite|OpenWrt as router in double-NAT configuration with Dualstack Lite on ISP side]] | clients <-> OpenWrt router with NAT <-> ISP router with DS-Lite NAT <-> Internet |
-| single | OpenWrt as router with disabled NAT, additional routing rules in both routers | clients <-> OpenWrt router (no NAT) <-> routing rules <-> ISP router with NAT <-> Internet | +| single | [[#device_as_router_with_disabled_nat_additional_routing_rules|OpenWrt as router with disabled NAT, additional routing rules in both routers]] | clients <-> OpenWrt router (no NAT) <-> routing rules <-> ISP router with NAT <-> Internet | 
-single OpenWrt as router, OpenWrt router being "exposed host" in the ISP router | clients <-> OpenWrt router with NAT <-> ISP router with NAT + "exposed host" feature <-> Internet | +[[#device_as_router_in_an_ideal_ipv6-only_configuration|look-out: OpenWrt as router in IPv6 only configuration + ISP router]] | clients <-> OpenWrt router (no NAT) <-> ISP router (no NAT) <-> Internet | 
-| 0 | look-out: OpenWrt as router in IPv6 only configuration + ISP router | clients <-> OpenWrt router (no NAT) <-> ISP router (no NAT) <-> Internet | +| single | [[#device_as_a_gateway_with_a_true_modem_between_it_and_the_internet|OpenWrt as gateway using either OpenWrt-device-built-in or external modem]] | clients <-> OpenWrt as gateway with NAT <-> built-in/external modem (no NAT) <-> Internet | 
-| single | OpenWrt as gateway using either OpenWrt-device-built-in or external modem | clients <-> OpenWrt as gateway with NAT <-> built-in/external modem (no NAT) <-> Internet | + 
-| single | OpenWrt as switch (connected by wire or access point or as wifi repeater) | clients <-> OpenWrt as switch (no NAT) <-> ISP router (with NAT) <-> Internet |+====== Switches and Client APs ====== 
 +| single | Three usage Variants: \\ [[#openwrt_as_wireless_repeater_wifi_wifi_switch|OpenWrt as wireless repeater (wifi <-> wifi switch)]] \\ [[#openwrt_as_wireless_access_point_wifi_wired_switch|OpenWrt as wireless access point (wifi <-> wired switch)]] \\ [[#openwrt_as_a_wire_wire_switch|OpenWrt as wire (wire <-> wire switch)]] | clients <-> OpenWrt as switch (no NAT) <-> ISP router (with NAT) <-> Internet |
   
  
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 ===== Device as router as "exposed host" in the ISP router ===== ===== Device as router as "exposed host" in the ISP router =====
-Only some ISP routers have this feature, sometimes called a //DMZ// (demilitarized zone), //DMZ for single server//, //exposed host//, or //poor man's bridge mode// (there is no standardized name). This feature enables your ISP router to define a single one of its downstream clients to be a so called "exposed host". The ISP router will then forward all incoming Internet traffic from its upstream side to this "exposed host".+Only some ISP routers have this feature, sometimes called a //DMZ// (demilitarized zone), //DMZ for single server//, //exposed host//, //IP passthrough//, or //poor man's bridge mode// (there is no standardized name). This feature enables your ISP router to define a single one of its downstream clients to be a so called "exposed host". The ISP router will then forward all incoming Internet traffic from its upstream side to this "exposed host".
  
 This effectively disables NAT on the ISP router only for a single connected device on the ISP router downstream side: for obvious reasons, we will be connecting our OpenWrt router as this exposed host. So in the end, we have achieved single NAT solely in the network chain towards the OpenWrt router. This effectively disables NAT on the ISP router only for a single connected device on the ISP router downstream side: for obvious reasons, we will be connecting our OpenWrt router as this exposed host. So in the end, we have achieved single NAT solely in the network chain towards the OpenWrt router.
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 For more information, refer to [[docs:guide-user:network:wifi:relay_configuration|Wifi Extender or Repeater or Bridge Configuration]]. For more information, refer to [[docs:guide-user:network:wifi:relay_configuration|Wifi Extender or Repeater or Bridge Configuration]].
  
-Note: In case you are interested in creating a so called "wireless mesh" instead of a wireless repeater, you will have to refer to other projects like [[libremesh.org]] at this time.+Note: In case you are interested in creating a so called "wireless mesh" instead of a wireless repeater, you will have to refer to other projects, e.g. [[http://libremesh.org]] or [[https://open-mesh.org]] at this time.
  
  
  • Last modified: 2021/01/13 18:33
  • by bobmichael