O Netifd suporta declarações estáticas de rota IP, necessárias para implementar o roteamento básico.
Rotas estáticas IPv4 podem ser definidas em interfaces específicas usando seções route. Quanto aos aliases, várias seções podem ser anexadas a uma interface. As seções route são armazenadas no arquivo uci /etc/config/network.
Um exemplo mínimo se parece com isto:
config route 'route_example_1' option interface 'lan' option target '172.16.123.0' option netmask '255.255.255.0' option gateway '172.16.123.100'
lan é o nome da interface lógica da interface pai172.16.123.0 é o endereço de rede da rota255.255.255.0 especifica a máscara de rede da rota
Outro exemplo: criando uma rota padrão para a tabela 100 com o gateway 10.72.197.110:
config route 'route_example_2' option interface 'vpn' option target '0.0.0.0/0' option table '100' option gateway '10.72.197.110'
vpn é o nome da interface lógica da interface pai0.0.0.0/0 é o endereço da sub-rede e inclui todos os IPs. Como usamos uma sub-rede, não precisamos usar máscara de rede.100 é o número da tabela específica. Se você quiser que ele seja exibido como um nome, adicione-o a /etc/iproute2/rt_tablesEste é um equivalente persistente ao comando de tempo de execução:
ip route add default via 10.72.197.110 tabela 100
| Name | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
interface | string | yes | (none) | Specifies the logical interface name of the parent (or master) interface this route belongs to; must refer to one of the defined interface sections |
target | ip address | yes | (none) | Network address |
netmask | netmask | no | (none) | Route netmask. If omitted, 255.255.255.255 is assumed which makes target a host address |
gateway | ip address | no | (none) | Network gateway. If omitted, the gateway from the parent interface is taken if any, otherwise creates a link scope route; if set to 0.0.0.0 no gateway will be specified for the route |
metric | number | no | 0 | Specifies the route metric to use |
mtu | number | no | interface MTU | Defines a specific MTU for this route |
table | routing table | no | main | Defines the table ID to use for the route. The ID can be either a numeric table index ranging from 0 to 65535 or a symbolic alias declared in /etc/iproute2/rt_tables. The special aliases local (255), main (254) and default (253) are recognized as well |
source | ip address | no | (none) | The preferred source address when sending to destinations covered by the target |
onlink | boolean | no | 0 | When enabled gateway is on link even if the gateway does not match any interface prefix |
type | string | no | unicast | One of the types outlined in the routing types table below |
proto | routing protocol | no | static | Defines the protocol ID for the route. The ID can be either a numeric value ranging from 0 to 255 or a symbolic alias declared in /etc/iproute2/rt_protos. i.e. kernel, boot, ra, redirect, static |
disabled | boolean | no | 0 | Specifies if the static route should be set or not, available since OpenWrt >= 21.02. |
Rotas IPv6 também podem ser especificadas definindo uma ou mais seções route6.
Um exemplo mínimo seria este:
config route6
option interface 'lan'
option target '2001:0DB8:100:F00:BA3::1/64'
option gateway '2001:0DB8:99::1'
lan é o nome da interface lógica da interface pai2001:0DB8:100:F00:BA3::1/64 é a sub-rede IPv6 roteada em notação CIDR2001:0DB8:99::1 especifica o gateway IPv6 para esta rota| Name | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
interface | string | yes | (none) | Specifies the logical interface name of the parent (or master) interface this route belongs to; must refer to one of the defined interface sections |
target | ipv6 address | yes | (none) | IPv6 network address |
gateway | ipv6 address | no | (none) | IPv6 gateway. If omitted, the gateway from the parent interface is taken |
metric | number | no | 0 | Specifies the route metric to use |
mtu | number | no | interface MTU | Defines a specific MTU for this route |
table | routing table | no | main | Defines the table ID to use for the route. The ID can be either a numeric table index ranging from 0 to 65535 or a symbolic alias declared in /etc/iproute2/rt_tables. The special aliases local (255), main (254) and default (253) are recognized as well |
source | ip address | no | (none) | The route source address in source-address dependent routes. It's called “from” in the ip command. |
onlink | boolean | no | 0 | When enabled gateway is on link even if the gateway does not match any interface prefix |
type | string | no | unicast | One of the types outlined in the Routing Types table below |
proto | routing protocol | no | static | Defines the protocol ID for the route. The ID can be either a numeric value ranging from 0 to 255 or a symbolic alias declared in /etc/iproute2/rt_protos. i.e. kernel, boot, ra, redirect, static |
disabled | boolean | no | 0 | Specifies if the static route should be set or not, available since OpenWrt >= 21.02. |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
unicast | the route entry describes real paths to the destinations covered by the route prefix. |
local | the destinations are assigned to this host. The packets are looped back and delivered locally. |
broadcast | the destinations are broadcast addresses. The packets are sent as link broadcasts. |
multicast | a special type used for multicast routing. It is not present in normal routing tables. |
unreachable | these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded and the ICMP message host unreachable is generated. The local senders get an EHOSTUNREACH error. |
prohibit | these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded and the ICMP message communication administratively prohibited is generated. The local senders get an EACCES error. |
blackhole | these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded silently. The local senders get an EINVAL error. |
anycast | the destinations are anycast addresses assigned to this host. They are mainly equivalent to local with one difference: such addresses are invalid when used as the source address of any packet. |